放线菌和食用菌菌渣联合施用对东北黑土区土壤结构与抗蚀性的影响

Impact of Combined Application of Actinomycetes and Edible Mushroom Residue on Soil Structure and Anti-erosion in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

摘要:

针对东北黑土区长期高强度耕作与气候变化导致的土壤结构退化、侵蚀多发问题,以及食用菌菌渣资源化利用率低的双重瓶颈,本研究以松嫩平原典型退化黑土为对象,设置空白对照（CK）、单施菌渣（SMS）、单接种放线菌（T）和放线菌与菌渣联合施用（SMS+T）4个处理,测定土壤胞外多糖含量、有机质含量、团聚体稳定性及侵蚀性K值,探究放线菌与食用菌菌渣联合施用对土壤结构及抗蚀性的调控机制。结果表明,与CK相比,T处理虽提升土壤胞外多糖含量147.58%,但降低有机质含量23.38%;SMS处理对2项指标无显著影响;而SMS+T处理同时提升土壤胞外多糖含量190.11%和土壤有机质含量32.34%,且对胞外多糖的提升效果显著高于2个单独处理。在此基础上,SMS+T处理显著增加大团聚体占比,降低0~0.25 mm微团聚体占比27.53%,平均质量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和水稳性大团聚体含量（WR0.25）分别提升54.90%、58.06%和33.11%,团聚体破坏率（PAD）和分形维数（D）分别降低50.79%和6.84%,土壤侵蚀性K值下降1.41%,表现出最优的土壤结构改良与抗侵蚀能力。研究结果可为东北寒地黑土区退化土壤修复与水土流失防治提供理论依据和技术支撑,同时为食用菌菌渣利用提供了新途径。

Abstract:

In response to the dual bottleneck of soil structure degradation and erosion caused by long-term high-intensity cultivation and climate change in the black soil area of Northeast China, as well as the low utilization rate of edible mushroom residue resources, taking typical degraded black soil in the Songnen Plain as object, four treatments were set up: blank control (CK), single application of mushroom residue (SMS), single inoculation of actinomycetes (T), and combined application of actinomycetes and spent mushroom substrate (SMS+T). Soil extracellular polysaccharides content, organic matter content, aggregate stability and soil erodibility K value were determined to explore the regulatory mechanism of combined application of actinomycetes and spent mushroom substrate on soil structure and erosion resistance. The results showed that compared with CK, treatment T increased soil extracellular polysaccharide content by 147.58% but decreased soil organic matter content by 23.38%;treatment SMS had no significant effect on both indicators;while treatment SMS+T simultaneously increased soil extracellular polysaccharide content by 190.11% and soil organic matter content by 32.34%, and its enhancement effect on extracellular polysaccharides was significantly higher than that of the two single treatments. On this basis, treatment SMS+T significantly increased the proportion of macroaggregates and decreased the proportion of 0~0.25 mm microaggregates by 27.53%. The mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and water-stable macroaggregate content (WR0.25) were increased by 54.90%, 58.06% and 33.11%, respectively;the percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD) and fractal dimension (D) were decreased by 50.79% and 6.84%, respectively;and the soil erodibility K value was decreased by 1.41%, showing the optimal soil structure improvement and anti-erosion ability. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the restoration of degraded soil and prevention of soil erosion in the cold black soil area of Northeast China, and also it can provide ways for the utilization of edible mushroom residue.