基于EDEM – RecurDyn的生姜联合收获机挖采夹拔装置设计与试验

Optimization and Experiment of Ginger Digging-clamping-pulling Device Based on EDEM – RecurDyn

摘要:

针对生姜联合收获机在生姜植株挖掘拔取时存在耕作松散度不足、根茎土壤堆积等问题,设计了一种协同作业生姜收获装置。系统解析了装置构型与作用机制,对核心组件的运动参数、载荷分布、几何特征及空间位置关系实施协同优化。基于EDEM – RecurDyn耦合仿真算法,构建生姜土壤挖采夹拔装置交互模型,确定出影响采收质量的主控因子,通过宏微观多尺度仿真揭示生姜植株、土壤介质与收获装置间的动力学耦合规律。选取收获装置前进速度、挖掘铲与振动筛振动频率、挖掘铲倾斜角与夹拔装置倾斜角之比作为试验因素,以土壤粘结失效量及姜块附土率作为评价指标,并实施二次正交旋转组合优化试验。优化后的参数如下:前进速度0.33m/s、土壤振动频率5.4 Hz、挖掘铲倾斜角与夹拔装置倾斜角之比为0.96,此时土壤颗粒间共发生95223个Bond键断裂事件,姜块附土率为9.93% ,挖掘、拔取效果最好。田间试验验证了优化后挖拔收获装置的作业性能,其结果表明实测数据与回归模型预测值吻合良好,通过优化设计的振动式分离装置与夹持装置的协同配合,土壤破碎效果好且有序输送。

Abstract:

Aiming to address issues such as insufficient soil loosening and root-stem accumulation during ginger harvesting using combine harvesters, a collaborative harvesting system was developed. The system configuration and operational mechanisms were thoroughly analyzed, with coordinated optimization implemented for motion parameters, load distribution, geometric characteristics, and spatial relationships of core components. Utilizing the EDEM – RecurDyn coupled simulation algorithm, an interactive model integrating ginger plants, soil, and harvesting equipment was established to identify key factors affecting harvest quality. Macro-micro multi-scale simulations revealed dynamic coupling patterns among ginger plants, soil media, and harvesting devices. Experimental parameters included harvesting speed, excavation blade vibration frequency, and the ratio of excavation blade inclination angle to clamping device angle. Soil cohesion failure threshold and ginger-soil adhesion rate served as evaluation metrics, with a three-factor orthogonal rotation experimental design employed. Optimized parameters yielded as follows: 0.33m/s of forward speed, 5.4Hz of soil vibration frequency, and a 0.96 ratio between excavation blade and clamping device angles. These conditions resulted in 95223 Bond fracture events between soil particles, 9.93% ginger-soil adhesion rate, and optimal harvesting performance. Field trials confirmed the enhanced efficiency of the optimized system, with measured data closely matching regression model predictions. The synergistic interaction between the optimized vibratory separation unit and clamping mechanism ensured effective soil fragmentation and orderly material transport.