高速免耕播种机防残茬回带清秸防堵装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Stubble Returning Preventing and Straw-clearing Anti-blocking Device for High-speed No-tillage Planter

摘要:

针对2BMFJ型免耕播种机在高速作业条件下清秸工作部件易造成残茬回带问题,设计一种防残茬回带清秸防堵装置。通过单因素试验确定影响清秸刀盘作业效果的关键参数范围,基于EDEM – ADAMS联合仿真试验,应用五因素五水平二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验方法,以清秸刀盘调节器长度、刀柄长度、行星轮与清秸刀齿铰接点中心距、作业速度和刀轴转速为试验因素,以清秸率、土壤扰动率、当量功耗和秸秆回带率为评价指标,对影响清秸装置性能的结构与作业参数进行仿真试验与优化研究,试验结果表明:当调节器长度为35mm、刀柄长度为54mm、行星铰接中心距为58mm、作业速度为14.4km/h以及刀轴转速为540r/min时,装置的清秸率能够达到91.11% ,土壤扰动率为21.03% ,当量功耗为9.35 kW,秸秆回带率为4.85%。田间性能验证试验表明:在清秸刀齿入土深度50mm、作业速度14.4km/h、刀轴转速540r/min的作业条件下,优化后的清秸防堵装置清秸率为(91.23±0.56)%、土壤扰动率为(22.63±2.34)%、当量功耗为(10.63±0.33)kW、秸秆回带率为(5.90±1.98)%。防残茬回带清秸防堵装置比原清秸防堵装置秸秆回带率降低了28.13% ,可有效减少残茬回带,提高种带清秸质量。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of stubble returning caused by the working parts of 2BMFJ series notillage planter under high-speed operation conditions, an anti-blocking device for preventing stubble returning was improved and designed. The range of key parameters affecting the operation effect of straw clearing cutter was determined by single factor test. Based on the EDEM – ADAMS joint simulation test, the five-factor and five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination test method was applied. The length of the regulator of straw clearing cutter, length of handle, center distance between planetary wheel and hinge point of straw clearing cutter, operation speed and rotation speed of cutter shaft were taken as test factors, and straw clearing rate, soil disturbance rate, equivalent power consumption and straw returning rate were taken as evaluation indexes. The simulation test and optimization of structure and operation parameters affecting the performance of straw clearing device were carried out. The test results showed that when the length of the regulator was 35mm, length of tool holder was 54mm, center distance of planetary hinge was 58mm, operating speed was 14.4km/h, and rotation speed of tool shaft was 540r/min, the straw removal rate of the device can reach 91.11% , soil disturbance rate was 21.03% , equivalent power consumption was 9.35 kW, and straw returning rate was 4.85% . The field performance verification test showed that under the operating conditions of 50 mm soil depth, 14.4km/h operating speed and 540r/min cutter shaft speed, the optimized straw removal and anti-blocking device had a straw removal rate of (91.23±0.56)%, soil disturbance rate of (22.63±2.34)%, equivalent power consumption of (10.63±0.33)kW, and straw return rate of (5.90±1.98)%. The straw returning rate of the anti-blocking device for preventing stubble returning was 28.13% lower than that of the original straw cleaning and anti-blocking device, which could effectively reduce the stubble returning and improve the quality of straw cleaning.