蔬菜废弃物与猪粪协同好氧堆肥过程固碳保氮效果研究

Effect of Carbon Sequestration and Nitrogen Retention during Aerobic Composting Process of Vegetable Waste and Pig Manure

摘要:

为探究不同蔬菜废弃物在好氧堆肥中与猪粪协同处理对固碳保氮效果的影响,本研究基于覆膜式好氧堆肥系统,以猪粪为主料,茄子秧、辣椒秧为辅料,在相同间歇通风条件下进行堆肥试验。结果表明:覆膜处理可使堆体温度峰值提升10℃以上、高温期延长至5d,显著提高微生物耗氧效率;相较于不覆膜组,覆膜组含水率降至45%以下,种子发芽指数(GI)可提升13.82个百分点,腐殖化指数(HI)最高可提升60.08% ,总磷(TP)和总钾(TK)质量比分别增加23.24%~34.42%、25.12%~27.46% ;同时,覆膜可减少NH3排放10.00%~24.62%、N2O排放92.70%~93.93%、CO2排放22.35%~34.57%、CH4排放50.05%~60.30% ,总碳(TC)损失降低14.66~16.01个百分点,总氮(TN)损失降低5.02~5.31个百分点。辅料方面,茄子秧组(ET30)在温度维持、耗氧速率(峰值2.01mol/h)、GI(121.06%)、HI(3.65)及TN损失控制(21.50%)上均优于辣椒秧组(PT30)。综上,猪粪、茄子秧及小麦秸秆按质量4∶2∶1(干基)混合,搭配覆膜式好氧堆肥工艺,间歇曝气30min开/30min关,通风速率0.3L/(min·kg),以此实现畜禽粪便与蔬菜废弃物协同处理的最佳资源化与固碳保氮效益。

Abstract:

Aiming to investigate the impact of co-composting different vegetable wastes with pig manure on carbon sequestration and nitrogen retention in aerobic composting, it was conducted based on a membrane-covered aerobic composting system. The main material used was pig manure, supplemented with eggplant and pepper straw. Composting experiments were carried out under the same intermittent aeration conditions. The results showed that membrane-covered treatment increased the peak temperature of the compost by over 10℃and extended the high-temperature period to 5 days, significantly enhancing the oxygen consumption efficiency of microorganisms. Compared with the uncovered group, the moisture content in the membrane-covered group was decreased to below 45% , the seed germination index (GI) was increased by 13. 82 percentage points, the humification index (HI) could be increased by up to 60.08% , and the mass ratio of total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) were increased by 23.24%~34.42% and 25.12%~27.46% , respectively. Additionally, the membrane-covered group reduced NH3 emissions by 10.00%~24.62% , N2O emissions by 92.70%~93.93% , CO2 emissions by 22.35%~34.57% , and CH4 emissions by 50.05%~60.30% . The total carbon (TC) loss was decreased by 14.66~16.01 percentage points, and the total nitrogen (TN) loss was decreased by 5.02~5.31 percentage points. In terms of supplementary materials, the eggplant group (ET30) outperformed the pepper group (PT30) in temperature maintenance, oxygen consumption rate ( peak value of 2.01mol/h), GI (121.06% ), HI (3.65), and TN loss control (21.50%). In summary, when pig manure, eggplant straw, and wheat straw were mixed in a ratio of 4 ∶2 ∶1 ( dry basis) and subjected to a membrane-covered aerobic composting process with intermittent aeration for 30 minutes each, and a ventilation rate of 0.3L/(min·kg), optimal resource utilization and carbon sequestration and nitrogen retention benefits can be achieved through the co-composting of livestock manure and vegetable wastes.