农业生物质高值化转化及其物料特性光谱速测技术与装备研究进展

Research Progress on High-value Conversion of Agricultural Biomass and Its Characteristic Spectral Rapid Measurement Technology and Equipment

摘要:

农业生物质资源化利用与高值化转化事关农民增收、农业增效和农村环境治理,是国家推动农业绿色发展、落实乡村振兴与“双碳”战略的重要内容。农业生物质组成复杂、性质波动明显,单一转化技术存在能量利用效率低、组分利用不充分和产物附加值有限等问题。针对上述瓶颈,本文围绕农业生物质高值化耦合炼制与过程监测,重点综述了“光-热-储”与“光-生-热-储”两类耦合炼制技术体系及其装备发展,并从原料适应性、能量转换效率、系统复杂度及技术成熟度等维度对光热储4条技术路线进行了横向对比,明确了不同耦合路径的适用场景与瓶颈。在光谱速测方面,系统总结了近红外光谱、中红外光谱、拉曼光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱及光谱成像技术在原料评价、过程监测和产品质控等环节的应用进展,梳理了光谱设备由实验室向便携式现场设备及工业在线检测系统演进的发展现状,并分析了复杂工程环境下的基质与工况干扰问题。在此基础上,重点探讨了光谱速测与耦合炼制过程的融合路径,提出了“硬件抑制—光谱校正—模型迁移—状态监测”的协同干扰消除策略,以及极端工况专用装备研发、机理与数据融合驱动建模、光谱数据与多能流系统智能闭环调控3个未来重点方向。最后,针对耦合炼制系统的多能流协同、光谱在线感知及装备集成等关键问题提出发展展望。

Abstract:

The resource utilization and high-value conversion of agricultural biomass are crucial to increasing farmers’ incomes, enhancing agricultural efficiency, and improving rural environmental management. They are key components of the nation’s efforts to promote green agricultural development and implement the rural revitalization strategy and the “dual carbon” strategy. Agricultural biomass has a complex composition and exhibits significant variations in properties; relying on a single conversion technology leads to issues such as low energy utilization efficiency, insufficient utilization of components, and limited added value of the products. To address these bottlenecks, focusing on high-value coupled refining of agricultural biomass and precise process monitoring, and the high-value-added coupled pyrolysis of agricultural biomass and precise process monitoring. It provided a comprehensive review of the development of two types of coupled pyrolysis technology systems “ photo-thermal-storage” and “photo-biological-thermal-storage”, and their associated equipment. Furthermore, it conducted a horizontal comparison of the four “photo-thermal-storage” technology routes based on dimensions such as feedstock adaptability, energy conversion efficiency, system complexity, and technological maturity, thereby clarifying the applicable scenarios and bottlenecks of different coupling pathways. Regarding rapid spectroscopic analysis, the application progress of near-infrared spectroscopy, mid-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and spectral imaging technologies in feedstock evaluation, process monitoring, and product quality control were systematically summarized. It outlined the current state of development in the evolution of spectroscopic equipment from laboratory-based systems to portable field devices and industrial online detection systems, and analyzed issues related to matrix and operating condition interference in complex engineering environments. Building on this foundation, focusing on exploring pathways for integrating rapid spectroscopic analysis with coupled refining processes. It proposed a collaborative interference-elimination strategy comprising “hardware suppression—spectral calibration—model transfer—condition monitoring” and identified three key future research directions: the development of specialized equipment for extreme operating conditions; modeling driven by the integration of mechanisms and data; and intelligent closed-loop control of spectral data and multi-energy-flow systems. Finally, development prospects were proposed for key issues such as multi-energy-flow coordination, online spectral sensing, and equipment integration in coupled refining systems, with the aim of providing guidance for the high-value utilization and engineering applications of agricultural biomass.