振动筛螺旋输送器耦合式玉米秸秆输送除土装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Vibratory Screening-Auger Coupled Conveying Device for Soil Removal in Maize Straw

摘要:

针对玉米秸秆捡拾输送过程土壤-秸秆分离难的问题，本文提出了一种“振动筛分-螺旋输送器输送”协同除土方法，并设计了一种振动筛-螺旋输送器耦合式玉米秸秆输送除土装置，在实现输送过程同步除土的同时精简后续除土工序。通过构建土壤与秸秆在耦合场中运动学及动力学模型，明确了影响输送除土性能的关键作业参数。通过单因素试验与响应面试验，阐明了振动幅度、振动频率、螺旋输送器转速及交互项对秸秆损失率和含土率的影响规律，并获得了最优作业参数组合。结果表明，各因素及交互作用对损失率及含土率具有显著影响，最优参数组合为：振动幅度19.55 mm、振动频率3.75 Hz、螺旋输送器转速991.23 r/min。在最优参数下开展台架试验，结果表明，含土率从传统固定筛分装置的11.19%降低至4.65%，降低约58.45%。田间验证结果表明，平均损失率为2.87%，平均含土率为4.75%，满足低损高净作业要求。研究结果表明振动-输送耦合作用能够有效实现玉米秸秆输送过程同步除土，可为玉米秸秆低损高净捡拾输送一体化作业装备研发提供参考。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the difficulty of soil-straw separation during the pickup and conveying process of maize straw, a vibration screening-auger conveying coordinated soil removal method was proposed. A coupled vibration screen-auger conveying device for maize straw transportation and soil removal was designed to achieve effective soil removal while simplifying subsequent cleaning processes. By establishing kinematic and dynamic models of soil and straw in a coupled field, the key operating parameters affecting conveying and soil removal performance were identified. Based on this, single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were conducted to investigate the effects of vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, auger rotational speed, and their interaction effects on straw loss rate and soil impurity rate. The results showed that both individual factors and their interactions had significant effects on loss rate and soil impurity rate. The optimal parameter combination was determined as a vibration amplitude of 19.55 mm, a vibration frequency of 3.75 Hz, and an auger rotational speed of 991.23 r/min. Under these conditions, comparative bench tests indicated that the soil impurity rate was reduced from 11.19% for a conventional fixed screening device to 4.65%, representing a reduction of approximately 58.45%. Field validation results showed that the average loss rate was 2.87% and the average impurity rate was 4.75%, meeting the operational requirements of low loss and high cleanliness. The results demonstrated that the vibration-conveying coupling mechanism can effectively achieve synchronous soil removal during maize straw conveying, providing a reference for the development of integrated equipment for low-loss and high-cleanliness pickup and conveying of maize straw.