基于天空地一体化的补充耕地利用特征识别与管护优化研究

Identification of Utilization Characteristics and Management Optimization of Supplementary Cultivated Land Based on Space-Air-Ground Integrated Monitoring System

摘要:

随着耕地“占补平衡”政策内涵拓展至“数量-质量-生态”协同平衡，补充耕地后期管护成为政策落实的关键。浙江省人地矛盾突出，丘陵山区面积大，非农建设补充耕地资源分布相对零散，现有监测手段仍面临技术协同不足、山区适配性低、管理脱节等挑战。本研究以浙江省为研究区，构建“天（卫星遥感）-空（无人机）-地（实地核查）”一体化监测体系，对非农建设补充耕地利用状况进行多层级、高精度监测。基于全省29064个图斑的分析结果表明：98.9%图斑维持粮食作物种植且管护正常，异常图斑占比1.1%，其中以“非粮化”为主（占比93.8%，以设施农业和经济林果为主），“非农化”占比0.1%，抛荒占比6.1%，主要分布在山区与城乡过渡带。从“天-空-地”一体化监测看，补充耕地地块未维持粮食作物种植成因主要是耕地地块分布零散、集中连片度低、区位偏僻、农田供排水设施及田间道路不够完善等。通过耕-林-园地空间置换、土地综合整治等途径促进耕地区位调整、地块面积增大、集中连片度提高、耕地质量提升等耕地空间优化，是破解南方丘陵地区补充耕地管护难题、实现耕地空间优化的关键路径。

Abstract:

As the connotation of China’s “requisition-compensation balance” policy evolves towards a synergistic equilibrium of “quantity-quality-ecology,” the post-construction management of supplementary cultivated land emerged as a critical imperative. However, effective monitoring in Zhejiang Province remained challenging due to prominent human-land conflicts, expansive hilly and mountainous terrains, and the highly fragmented distribution of supplementary land resources. To address the limitations of conventional monitoring methods, such as inadequate technological synergy, poor adaptability to complex mountainous regions, and a disconnect from practical management, a “space-air-ground” integrated monitoring framework was constructed. By coupling satellite remote sensing (macro-screening), UAV patrols (meso-identification), and field verification (micro-diagnosis), this system enabled multi-tier, high-precision monitoring. An empirical analysis of 29064 land patches across the province indicated that 98.9% of the patches maintained stable grain cultivation under normal management. Anomalies accounted for 1.1% of the total patches, which were overwhelmingly dominated by “non-grain production” (93.8%, mainly facility agriculture and economic fruit forests), followed by abandonment (6.1%), and “non-agricultural use” (0.1%), predominantly clustered in mountainous regions and peri-urban transition zones. Attribution diagnosis revealed that these anomalies were fundamentally driven by plot fragmentation, marginal geographic locations, and deficient agricultural infrastructure (e.g., irrigation, drainage, and field roads). The result concluded that spatial optimization strategies, such as land consolidation, improving spatial contiguity, and facilitating the spatial replacement among cultivated land, forestry, and orchards were crucial pathways for resolving the management dilemmas of supplementary cultivated land in China’s southern hilly regions.