自走式杂交狼尾草收获机切割输送装置设计与试验

Design and Testing of Cutting and Conveying Device for Self-propelled Hybrid Pennisetum Harvester

摘要:

针对现有自走式杂交狼尾草收获机作业易堵塞、损失率高等技术问题,依据杂交狼尾草生长特征,试验分析了茎秆基本物理特性,提出了“锥形辊导流收割+回转耙齿输送”的整机切割输送技术方案;基于圆盘切割,设计了锥形辊与导流板,实现了切割后长茎秆集拢喂入;设计了齿板螺旋推送与链耙拖拽组配机构,实现了簇生硬质长茎秆防堵防缠顺序输送。通过整机搭载,进行了切割输送装置的田间验证试验,结果表明,该切割输送装置可一次性完成切割、喂入和输送作业,关键部件运行稳定,无漏割现象,留茬高度合格率97.52%、割台残留率3.27%、收获损失率10.37%、作业生产率0.12 hm2/h,技术指标满足相关国家及行业标准要求,能够为杂交狼尾草等簇生硬质茎秆机械化收获提供技术支持和装备支撑。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the technical challenges of easy clogging and high loss rate in existing self-propelled hybrid Pennisetum harvesters, the growth characteristics of hybrid Pennisetum were investigated and the fundamental physical properties of its stalks were experimentally analyzed. A technical solution for the whole-machine cutting and conveying system was proposed, integrating “tapered-roller guided harvesting + rotating rake conveying”. Based on disc cutting, a tapered roller and a guide plate were designed to achieve the gathering and feeding of long cut stalks. Furthermore, a combined mechanism comprising auger with tooth plates and chain rake dragging was developed to enable anti-clogging and anti-tangling sequential conveying of clustered hard long stalks. Field validation of the cutting and conveying device was conducted through whole-machine implementation. The results demonstrated that the proposed device could complete cutting, feeding, and conveying in a single pass. Key components operated stably without missing any cutting. The stubble height qualification rate reached 97.52%, the header residue rate was 3.27%, the harvest loss rate was 10.37%, and the operational productivity was 0.12 hm2/h. All technical indicators met the requirements of relevant national and industry standards. The research result can provide technical and equipment support for the mechanized harvesting of clustered hard stalks such as hybrid Pennisetum.