Abstract:The underway and shift smoothly of automated mechanical transmission (AMT) vehicle are influenced by the clutch control property, it is difficult to be precisely handled by traditional PID control technology. The main reasons are the big hysteresis and nonlinear characteristics of clutch and actuation system. The gray prediction PID control technology in clutch control of AMT was analyzed. The control precision of clutch was improved by the proposed technology compared with traditional PID control technology. The gray prediction PID control could whiten certainly gray factors in the control system, improve the control quality and rubust of PID, and solve the problems of overrun and oscillation of clutch control. Thus, the underway and shift smoothly for vehicle were improved.

Abstract:Automated mechanical transmission (AMT) control system for heavy vehicle was developed based on dSPACE control. Hardware development, automatic code generation, vehicle calibration and testing were carried out based on V-type development process. Hydraulic control system, gear shifting actuator and clutch automatic control system for AMT were designed. The control strategy was confirmed. The development of control software was accomplished. Vehicles calibration and control performance testing based on the 12-gear MT of heavy truck platform were performed. The results showed that the heavy vehicle AMT based on the dSPACE achieved the expected goal. The software development and vehicle parameters calibration could be controlled. Thus, the repeated work could be diminished in design, development and the process of testing to typing, so that the development cycle could be accelerated.

Abstract:In order to study the influence of body posture interdependency on suspension control, the model of full vehicle using eight schematic of vehicle plate was analyzed. An approach based on the suspension utility function and a weighted optimization algorithm based on entropy value was presented. A kind of control strategy used in Simulink was designed. Meantime, taking a certain vehicle as an example, a whole multi-body model of vehicle was built. The SIMPACK/Matlab co-simulation in different vehicle speeds under impulse road and snakelike road was tested respectively. Then, the effects of semi-active suspension with fuzzy logical of optimal suspension utility function and other controls were compared. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment showed that semi-active suspension controlled with fuzzy logical of optimal suspension utility function was practicable. It could improve ride comfort and restrain pitch and roll motion.

Abstract:In order to improve the accuracy and objectivity of the traction motor evaluation system of hybrid electric vehicle and make sure of the optimality performance for the motor, 23 evaluating indicators were listed according to the motor body design, performance of motor control and the driving cycle of vehicle. The traction motor performance evaluate system was established with the grey relation degree approach to multiple attribute decision making as evaluation method, and the motor bench test and computer simulation platform as instrument. At last, taking traction motors of hybrid electric bus of FAW as an example, the evaluation system was demonstrated. The results proved that the performance of motor could be determined by the evaluation system.

Abstract:The performance of particle damper is strongly nonlinear. The collisions and friction were existed between particles and particles, particles and cavity walls. A coupling simulation algorithm based on the combination of the discrete element method and the finite element method was presented to calculate the response of system with particle dampers. Comparison between the analytical and experimental results showed that simulation of the response of a cantilever plate with a particle damper was accurate. It showed that the response of the cantilever plate depended on the mass-fill ratio and particle density of the particle damper. 

Abstract:In order to solve the problem of small seed's precision seeding such as rapeseed seeds and complex structure caused by traditional metering device's multiline sowing, a pneumatic centralized metering device was developed. The structure and parameters were analyzed. With “Chinese hybrid 4” rapeseed as the test object, seeding consistency test and seeding uniformity test were applied to research the vacuum value and rotate speed of the roller that influenced the sowingperformance mainly. According to experiment analysis, the influencing regularity and the optimization of all the factors were defined. The analyses of the experiment results indicated that the vacuum value was the most important factor, the second was rotate speed. The optimum operation condition were: vacuum value of -1.5kPa and rotate speed of the roller of 20r/min. 

Abstract:A dibbler with embedded doubleposition throwing seeds was presented. Variable seedmetering device on the position was layout in the center of helmshaped wheel for shortening the distance of dropping seeds and omitting gearing device. Boring and caving device was composed with fixed part and rotatable part, always closed in the state of non-opening. Based on the lever principle, rotatable part was opened when the most depth in the soil was reached. The second lower position throwing seeds was completed, and then rotatable part was came up out of soil and closed. The experiment results showed that the proposed dibbler could meet the design and agriculture requirements. 

Abstract:A seed-counting system was put forward with a cantilever beam detecting the impact of falling seeds, a piezoelectric sensor converting the impact into electrical signals, and a micro-controller counting and displaying seed counts. Based on the classical secondorder transfer function model of the spring-mass-dashpot system, the natural frequency and damping ratio were analyzed. By using appropriate polymer material and signal conditioning, a testing system with proper damping ratio was constructed. The impact of a single seed became a single fast decaying pulse signal so that easy counting could be implemented. The experimental system showed the measurement error was less than 04% in single seed counting tests.

Abstract:Based on the addendum circle data of non-circular gears planetary in rotary transplanting mechanism, noncircular gears vertex coordinate was described to get the pitch-lines by using reverse method. The trajectory of seedlingpush device was simulated by autonomous design software. The non-circular gear planetary rotary transplanting mechanism was tested to confirm if the requirement of rice transplant was met. At the same time, the parameters were optimized. 

Abstract:In order to reveal the relationship between surface of plow and soil, the feasibility of using the sensors to test the force on the plow surface was discussed. 11 sensors were packaged in the self-isolation boxes and arranged in the surface of plow to form a sensor array. And then the system was put into the paddy soil for testing. The result showed that proposed method met the practice demand. The data showed that the maximum load was on the plowshares spade, and the minimum load was in the area of the transition from plowshare to the wall.

Abstract:An automatic distributing bowl planting apparatus was proposed. The plantingbowl, planting apparatus and the movement trajectory of bowl seedling were analyzed and simulated. The simulation showed that two manipulators could cooperate perfectly and the planting apparatus could distribute bowl seedlings automatically. By field experimentation, the planting angle was from 88.08°to 88.34°. Its coefficient of variation was from 2.37% to 2.92%. The planting row spacing was from 350.67mm to 351.17mm.Its coefficient of variation was from 1.42% to 1.60%. It showed that the planting apparatus could be operated normally and hardly be affected by the speed. 

Abstract:The geometric model of internal runner was constructed in Pro/E software.The internal flow field of the Rain Bird 30PSH impact sprinkler was conducted by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent with RNG k—εmodel at ten different pressure values and four types of range nozzle. Relationship between flow rate, inlet pressure and average velocity of outlet of range and spreader nozzle were evaluated. The results showed the flow rate of spreader nozzle was almost the same regardless of shifting the diameter of range nozzle. The distribution between range and spreader nozzle depended on the diameter of range nozzle was independent with inlet pressure. The average velocity magnitude of the range nozzle increased with the increasing of inlet pressure but spreader nozzle would not. The turbulent kinetic energy of range and spreader increased with the increasing of inlet pressure was independent with nozzle size. The standard deviation of static pressure, turbulent kinetic energy, velocity of range nozzle and static pressure of spreader nozzle were almost in direct proportion to inlet pressure. Biggish and irregular changing was happened to standard deviation of turbulent kinetic energy and velocity of spreader nozzle. Flow field visualization indicated that joint of runner and spreader nozzle had maximal static pressure. 

Abstract:A pesticide application monitoring system was designed by using serial communication technology, database technology and VS2008 software programming technology based on MCU STC12C5A60S2. The system could collect information from eight analog sensors and two pulse sensors at the same time. The pesticide application parameter data from sensors (pressure sensor, flow sensor, speed sensor, etc.) would be displayed on LCD monitor, stored in SD card and transmitted to PC through RS232 serial port. Then the data will be stored into database and showed to users in the term of tables and graphs on PC as well. Experiments showed that while the sampling period was 1s, the average measuring accuracy of speed was 97.7% after the system calibration, the average measuring accuracy of pressure in “test-bed experiment” and “sprayer experiment” was 99.3% and 98.7%, and the average measuring accuracy of flow was 99.3%.

Abstract:The high-speed imaging technology was applied to study the mixing uniformity of the mixer. The polystyrene was chosen as the tracing particle to follow the flow of the liquid pesticide. The mixing images were acquired with the changed work conditions of the pump. Then, the centroid coordinates of particles were obtained. At last, the results of the mixing performance were analyzed. It was found that the different work conditions of the pump and the distribution of the particles had different effects on the mixing performance. The results showed that when the particle centroid distribution of the tracing particle was closer to the normal distribution, the mixing performance was better. When the pump worked in a low speed, the mixing uniformity was getting better with the increasing of pump pressure. When the working pressure of the pump was constant, the mixing uniformity increased gradually as the speed of the pump increased.

Abstract:For studying effects of different combinations of influential factors including payload variations, tension locations, loading approaches and motoring frequencies the circular chain cargo transportation ropeway imposes on the driving-chain in mountain orchards, a related device added to the ropeway system was designed to detect real-time dynamic variations for driving-chain tensions. The experimental results indicated that effects from the other three factors on the hoisting chain tension were obvious except for that from the motoring frequency. While the mechanical operator was adjusted to various locations, exclusively at the start and at the terminal, differences of mean tension variations were obtained ranging from 105.929N to 164.641N under different payloads. In addition, when the mechanical operator was adjusted to the commencing point, through either balanced loading or unbalanced loading approaches, mean tension variations were obtained ranging from 1165.351N to 1425.864N and 1140.500N to 1435.353N with related variation coefficients from 0.115 to 0.139 and 0.155 to 0.227, respectively.

Abstract:n order to solve the problem of high labor intensity and low efficiency during the working practice of transporting fruits，fertilizers and pesticide in mountain orchard, the 7YG—45 type selfpropelled dualtrack orchard transport was developed, and the following key technical problems were mainly solved, such as the steel wire rope and a couple of driving wheels cooperated friction drive, the track holding and disc braking cooperated braking, anti-side slipping and antijumping, anti rope rising and anti rope straightening during the rail curves, trailer’s slope adaptive adjustment, etc. The experimental results indicated that, the transport machine could run smoothly on the paved tracks, with the maximum climbing slope of 47°, minimum horizontal turning radius of 8m, the average speed of 1.0m/s. The transport machine could not only be used in the mountain orchard to transport the fruits and fertilizers, but also be equipped with spraying operations, cutting operations, or other operations. 

Abstract:The complex structure on the spherical-top of flat-fan nozzle orifices and the erosion situation of solid pesticide on the inner surface of nozzle were studied. Firstly, a mathematical equation of the basic structure was established according to the solid geometry. Secondly, the most significant wear in the x-axis of the spherical-top of fan orifices was concluded through mechanical analysis. Finally, the theoretical analysis was verified through the experiments, and the wear rate relationship was established with the spraying time and the dimensional change of the spherical-top of flat-fan orifices. 

Abstract:In order to reduce the loss rate in picking up, parameters of pickup device with response surface analysis methods was studied. The results showed that main factors of impacting pickup loss rate were the moving speed, belt speed and conveyor inclination. The three factors gradation of importance was the moving speed, belt speed and conveyor inclination. Optimal group of parameters was the moving speed of 0.80m/s, the belt speed of 0.78m/s，the conveyor inclination of 11.19°, the optimal loss rate of 2.91%. Considering of parameters adjusting in actual conditions, recommended parameters were that the moving speed of 0.71m/s, the belt speed of 0.80m/s, the conveyor inclination of 12°.

Abstract:For reducing mechanical damage of corn seed in the process of threshing and mastering the law on anti-pressing properties and crack formation of corn seed, static compresses experiment of various varieties corn seeds were carried out on LDS microcomputer control and electron draw-press test-machine. Results showed that the largest breaking power would decrease with the increasing of seed humidity ratio. The largest breaking power was the biggest with levelplacing manner and in turn flankplacing manner took second place，perpendicular-placing manner was the smallest. Anti-pressing competence of various varieties corn seeds was different under same placing manners. The shape, position and law of crack in various surface loaded was different under different placing manners. 

Abstract:For the current problems in boundary modeling of DEM, a 3-D DEM boundary modeling software combined with VC++ platform, MFC libraries and Access database was developed. It integrated with the UG software and the 3-D DEM analysis software. Taking the cell wheel feed as an example, there was good agreement by designing the CAD model and comparing the 3-D simulation results of its working process with the experiment results. The results were proved to be feasible and effective.

Abstract:Thermodynamic analysis employing Gibbs free energy minimization for aqueous phase reforming of three model compounds in bio-oils for hydrogen production was presented. Effect of temperature (340～660K) and pressure ratio psys/pH2O(0.1～2.0) on H2 and CH4 selectivity, carbon formation and conversion of model compounds were calculated. The results showed that when considering both methanation and carbon formation reactions, the conversion of the model compounds were over 9999% and no carbon formation was found, but mathanation was far more thermodynamically favorable than hydrogen production reaction. H2 selectivity were greatly improved without mathanation. Further analysis showed that the H2 production mechanism was mainly related to directly cracking of model compounds other than to aqueous reforming reaction, however, it was found that about 0.999, 1.940, 1.999 mole solid carbon formed when feeding per mole of methanol, acetic acid and ethylene glycol in the inlet streams. After restricting both mathanation and carbon formation reaction in the system, aqueous phase reforming of methanol, acetic acid and ethylene glycol at temperature of 500K and psys/pH2O of 1.1 could achieve H2 selectivity of 74.98%, 66.64%, 71.38%, and the conversion of the feedstocks were over 99%.

Abstract:According to the differences in physical properties between CO2 and CH4, the temperature and pressure of bubble point and dew point of the biogas with different volume fractions could be obtained with PR equation. Based on Aspen HYSYS, the liquefaction process of separating CO2 from biogas was designed. The effects of low temperature liquid separation on CO2 and CH4 from biogas were analyzed. The experiment of biogas purification was carried out and the result was consistent with that of simulation. The results of the experiment showed that the volume fraction of CH4 increased from 58.2% to 82.8%, the volume fraction of CO2 decreased from 36.4% to 8.8%, and the volume fraction of N2+O2 was less than 4.0%. 

Abstract:Steam gasification of kraft black liquor char was performed at 860℃ in a tube furnace with direct causticization using anatase titanium dioxide and recycled sodium tri-titanate. The organic carbon in the black liquor char could be completely gasified within 6 min, approximately equal to the complete conversion time of sodium carbonate in black liquor char to sodium penta-titanate at these conditions, and the generated dry gas had a high heating value of nearly 10MJ/m3. The main component of solid product was sodium penta-titanate, and the sodium tri-titanate recycled from hydrolysis of sodium penta-titanate had satisfactory reactivity compared to fresh titanium dioxide. No agglomeration of solid product was observed through the process of reactions. About 20% of total sulfur in black liquor retained in the gasified residual solid in the form of non-reduced state.

Abstract:For the purpose of enhancing the detecting stability and the model adaptability of egg freshness by non-destructive detection method, a sensor fusion was taken by the machine vision and electronic nose in the sensor level of characteristics while D—S evidence theory was chosen as the sensor information fusion method and BP artificial neural network as the specific modeling method. An improved method that could remedy for the deficiency of D—S evidence theory was discussed. Verification results showed that the basic probability assignment of uncertainty decreased to less than 0.01 by sensor fusion optimization. The problem of low detecting range in single sensor method has been well solved. Meanwhile, the egg freshness discriminating accuracy and stability has been improved compared with no sensor fusion situation. The average discriminating accuracy reached to 92.6%.

Abstract:Pressed peony was made by hot-air drying method. The influence of temperature of hot-air, speed of hot-air, drying board's hole density and the initial mass of peony on drying speed was discussed. Relationship model between drying time, temperature of hot-air, speed of hot-air, drying board's hole density, the initial mass and moisture content was built by using BP neural network. Parameters in the proposed model were trained and simulated in Matlab. The results indicated that the simulated values of the drying moisture content were close to the measured values.

Abstract:Based on the combination of sensory evaluation and the measurement of functional constituents contents, a comparative study was carried out on the effects of different drying processes on the quality of Eucommia ulmoides male flower tea. The results showed that microwave drying exhibited high efficiency. The functional constituents in the flower could be farthest maintained. The sensory quality was also satisfactory, making it the first choice in drying Eucommia ulmoides male flower tea. Oven drying could also keep the functional constituents in the flower. The sensory quality was also sound, but its efficiency was low, making it the second choice in drying Eucommia ulmoides male flower tea. Pan parching, a traditional method to process conventional tea, seriously destroyed the functional constituents, the sensory quality was poor, and the process was difficult to control, indicating that it was not suitable to dry Eucommia ulmoides male flower tea.

Abstract:Effects of two types of emulsifying salts on the functionality of Mozzarella cheese were studied.Trisodium citrate (TSC) and trisodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) were added to the stretching water at level of 1%, 3% and 5% during hot-stretching step, respectively. The main composition, textural properties, meltability and free oil content of the cheese prepared were measured, and the rheological behaviors of the cheese were also observed. The results showed that addition of TSC and TSPP significantly affected the meltability of the cheese. Also, hardness, cohesiveness and free oil content of the cheese increased (P<0.05). Meltability content was increased by 37.58% and 59.57% with TSC of 3% and TSPP of 3%, respectively. Addition of the emulsifying salts promoted solubilization of phosphate in the cheese, resulting in proteinprotein interactions decreased and protein-water interactions increased. The results showed that addition of TSC and TSPP into stretching water could significantly improve the functionality of Mozzarella cheese. 

Abstract:Development of the flow model of scalariform perforation plates was introduced from domestic country to foreign country. The mathematics model of scalariform perforation plates was established. The simulation model of the flow in the region of scalariform perforation plates with different structures was established through Fluent software.From calculating and analyzing the simulation result, the influences of inclination angle of perforation plates, inner diameter of vessel, hole number, equivalent hole width to flow resistance coefficient were studied. The results showed that when other parameters were initialized, with the indination angle increasing, average flow was invariant, the drop of pressure on both side of perforation plates and flow resistance coefficient decreased at the beginning, and increased later. With the value of inner diameter increasing, average flow increased, the drop of pressure and flow resistance coefficient decreased. With hole number increasing, average flow was invariant, the drop of pressure and flow resistance coefficient increased. With equivalent hole width increasing, average flow was invariant, the drop of pressure and flow resistance coefficient decreased.

Abstract:Virtual test interactive control methods was studied, agricultural machinery virtual test system was designed, experimental platform for field operating mode simulation and interactive control was built, and the drive of human and agricultural machinery in virtual environment was realized. To simulate the gestures of tractor driving, four degrees freedom simulation testing platform was built. Crop rows from virtual scenes were identified and control signals to control the tractor's speed and direction were gave. Results showed that the maximum deviation of roll angle was 0.34°, the maximum deviation of drift angle was 0.51°, elevation was 2.5mm, and speed was 0.12km/h. Physical prototyping and virtual prototyping were in good agreement. 

Abstract:The robotic egomotion and the motion of moving obstacle were overlapped when an agricultural mobile robot need to detect the moving obstacle based on machine vision. So two images were taken from the mobile robot and the Harris feature points were extracted and matched. Then a bilinear model was applied to model the movement between the two images, and a least square optimization method was used to calculate the model parameters. A transformation matrix was obtained with this model to compensate the first image to eliminate the effect of the egomotion of the mobile robot. Finally, a frame difference between the compensated image and the second image was carried out to detect the moving obstacle in the environment. Experimental results showed that this algorithm could eliminate the image movement caused by the egomotion of the mobile robot, and the moving obstacles were able to be detected effectively with machine vision for the agricultural mobile robot.

Abstract:An algorithm was proposed to overcome the difficulty that defects could not be successfully segmented at one time due to illumination nonuniformity on fruit surface. Navel orange was selected as experiment object. Firstly, the R component image of navel orange was extracted and original image was obtained by removed R component image background. Then, incident component of original image was obtained by low pass filtering based on illuminationreflectance model. The incident component was considered as illumination image of original image. Finally, the corrected image was computed by original image dividing by illumination image. Defects were successfully segmented at one time by a threshold value. The sound samples and samples with other ten types of peel diseases were detected by using the proposed method. The experimental result showed that the recognition rate was over 97% based on 788 obtained images.

Abstract:Aiming at identifying the shape of arbitrary object quickly and accurately, cucumber was taken as a research object. The boundary of cucumber image was extracted through digital image processing including image enhancing, threshold processing, morphological operations and edge extraction operation. Then elliptic Fourier descriptors were used to describe the boundary information of cucumber quantitatively, and the elliptic Fourier descriptors were normalized at start point，rotation and size after that. The cucumber shape was reconstructed by using different numbers of harmonics of elliptic Fourier descriptors with error analysis. The experiment results showed that the complex shape of cucumber could be described by a small amount of elliptic Fourier descriptor through the description of elliptic Fourier method, and the elliptic Fourier descriptor could reconstruct the original shape accurately.

Abstract:An algorithm was presented to detect size of berries on grapes bunch. Firstly, the contour curves of the grapes bunch were extracted by contour tracking. Then concave points were detected by rotating the curve continuously and searching local extremum points so that the curves were divided into circular arcs, in which each arc corresponds to one berry of the grapes. Finally, the least-square curve fitting method was applied to calculate the radius of the berries. Experiments of Jufeng grapes showed that by using the presented method, about 35% berries on a grapes bunch could be recognized. In the estimation of average berry radius of a bunch, the average error was 0.61mm, the maximum error was 1.69mm and berry size grading accuracy was 72.7%.

Abstract:A kind of watermelon seeds sorter system with linear CCD chip was designed based on the FPGA parallel computing platform. Through integrating CCD driver, dynamic image acquisition and processing algorithms, classification algorithm and valve control signal output in one FPGA chip, the hardware platform were designed. The color sorter prototype system had an output of 1.2～1.8 t/h, color sorting accuracy was 97.7%, ratio of color separation mass was 6~8. The good realtime and efficiency of the watermelon seeds sorter system based on FPGA were verified by the experiments that compared with the traditional industrial computer platform.

Abstract:Based on different symptoms on pest damaged cotton leaf including cotton aphid, cotton spider mites, cotton plant bugs, cotton leafworm and whitefly, the recognition system of pest damage for cotton leaf was presented. After collecting cotton images, the mottling areas with cotton spider mites, cotton plant bugs and whitefly were segmented by Otsu method in 2G—R—B color space. The mean value, variance value and skewness value of mottling areas were extracted on the Rand (R+G+B)/3 bands as color features if mottling areas appear, and topological descriptors and Hu invariant moments were extracted as shape features. Two layers dualtree complex wavelet was used to evaluate the texture features of cotton leaf. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier with radial basis function were employed to classify cotton aphid, cotton spider mites, cotton plant bugs, cotton leafworm, whitefly and normal cotton leaf. Experiment results showed that the classification accuracy was 88.1% when σwas 3.

Abstract:To deal with the functional relationship between mechanical product subsystems, a structural similarity computation model of product system by using directed fuzzy graph was proposed for product case retrieval during conceptual design. The concept of directed fuzzy graph was defined, and a directed graph model of product system was created and then represented by permanent matrix. Structural analysis of product system was conducted by using permanent function and the structural similarities of product system directed models were computed by combining subjective and objective weights. Finally, the case retrieval of SF2005 proved the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed similarity computation model.

Abstract:To solve the two-step process optimization problem, a method for synthesizing multi-objective structural topology optimization based on spot-welded layout was presented.Given an extended design domain with boundary and loading condition, the topology and geometry of an entire structure and the location and configuration of joints was optimized. A mult-objective genetic algorithm coupled with FEM analyses was used to obtain Pareto optimal solutions, the decision could be made for different demands. 

Abstract:Low damping and large overshoot of voice-coil fast servoactuator (VCA) were its natural openloop characteristics. In order to improve the dynamic performance and steady accuracy of VCA, a double closed-loop feedback control structure was used with a velocity loop and a position loop in classical control strategy. It was inevitable to add complexity and bring additional noise to fast tool servo (FTS) system for the use of velocity sensor. Based on the timeoptimal control idea of the two order integrator series system, the damping feedforward control method was put forward. The output damping could be improved by modulating the damping of input signal or the controlling signal through a time-optimal process (TOP) with no use of velocity sensor. The corresponding controlling projects were designed, dynamic performances were tested and typical microlens array was fabricated. The testing and experimental results indicated that the proposed damping feed forward control method could improve the system damping effectively, the overshoot of square wave exciting response was 4% and the setting time was only 3ms. The machined workpiece had better form accuracy and surface finish. The PV value of form error was only 0.228λ and the Ra of surface finish was less than 15nm.

Abstract:A dual-mechanism cutting force predicting modeling technique was proposed for eight ball end milling operations commonly applied on 3-axis CNC machine tools. The ball end milling was divided into a number of elementary cutting edges. Firstly, the local cutting forces within each elementary cutting edge were analyzed and modeled. Then, total cutting force could be calculated by integral operation. The effect of stepinterval in cutting zones was taken into account for cutting force prediction. The number and distribution of the elementary cutting edges involved in cutting action could be instantaneously determined by geometric analysis. The numerical simulation was implemented by Matlab. Finally, the proposed model was validated through milling experiments of 45# steel. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the experimental results and the simulation ones.

Abstract:An engine crankshaft was investigated. The finite element method, dynamics method and lubrication theory were used to analyze the dynamic stress distribution of the crankshaft. At the same time, the nonlinear spring (NONL), dynamic hydraulic lubrication (HD) and elastic dynamic hydraulic lubrication (EHD) were used to analyze the crankshaft stress. Some parameters that influence on the stress distribution of the crankshaft were analyzed. The results showed that the stress distribution of crankshaft was different under different calculation models, because the torsional vibration and bending were different. At the same time, the stress caused by the contribution of torsional vibration and bending vibration in different sections at different times was different. Oil groove were also studied to investigate the influence that these parameters on the stress distribution based on the EHD model. It had little influence on the stress distribution. The value range was only -2.5~2.5MPa.

Abstract:A bionic chewing equipment was developed for food breakdown by simulating the masticatory system and using the bionic technology. Some parts were designed and assembled by reverse engineering method, like bionic teeth and temporomandibular joints. The equipment could realize 3-D chewing motion, the movement parameters were determined. Test of occlusive force showed that chewing force of equipment could break food and change with food. Masticatory experiment showed that masticatory efficiency of the equipment had no significant difference with subjects and its maximum value was 92.3%. The bionic chewing equipment was stable and reliable.

Abstract:In order to release the fertilizer production workers working in high dust and strong corrosive environment for a long time, a sampling robot was designed. By analyzing the using demand, robot’s designing principles including characteristics of impact resistance, corrosion resistance, cleaning by itself, transmission mechanism builtin and drive away from the end piece installed was proposed. From the angle of bionics, the crab joints’ structure characteristic was researched. Then sampling robot configuration was proposed. Bionics function and structure was designed. According to its operation condition, motion process and control plan was designed. After the parametric optimization,its feasibility was validated by simulation and impact test.

Abstract:The surface and the section geometrical structure features and element of the mouthparts of the oriental mole cricket were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrometer. The mouthparts cuticle contained many kinds of metallic elements and microelements. It was found that there existed a hollow structure in the mouthparts and the material of the section displayed sandwich structure. The structure of the mouthparts was modeled with the slice method. The hardness and elastic modulus of the mouthparts cuticle of the oriental mole cricket were obtained by nanomechanical test system. The results showed that the hardness and elastic modulus of the mouthparts cuticle material was high. It was found through comparison that the hardness of the mouthparts of the oriental mole cricket was higher than that of the female clypeus.

Abstract:Drop formation characteristic of liquidliquid circulating fluidized bed (LLCFB) were experimentally studied by means of image gathering and processing. Three typical liquid-liquid atomization forms related to drop formation were defined. The relativity was investigated between liquidliquid atomization forms and jet length fluctuation or drop size distribution, and the change rules of liquidliquid atomization forms, jet breakup intensity, jet length fluctuation and drop size distribution were obtained with the relative Reynolds number (Rer) between the two phases. The results showed that the course of drops formation rested seriously with Rer. Along with increasing Rer, jet break up intensity was strengthened continually and liquid-liquid atomization formed by trickling to the laminar jet transformation, developed finally for turbulent motion jet. Jet length fluctuation was characterized by random and no periodic. The overall change tread of standard derivation was consistent with average jet length each other with Rer, and their maximum happened at 1.3×104. Furthermore, spread parameter of drop size distribution increased to the stage of turbulent motion jet atomization and the uniformity appeared at 2.5×104, but the average diameter of drops always decreased with increasing Rer and its maximum at the stage of turbulent motion jet atomization.