Abstract:Aiming at the structural characteristics and mission requirements of the intelligent vehicle, a navigation strategy was designed with respect both to architecture and information process. A hybrid architecture containing deliberation and reaction was proposed on the basis of multi-agent. A set of agents was designed according to the structural characteristics. Based on the previous research, the methods of image proceeding and information fusion were integrated into this architecture. The simulation and experiment results showed that the intelligent vehicle with the multi-agent architecture could use the information of multi-sensor efficiently and performed well on navigation and obstacle avoidance.

Abstract:In order to realize the intelligent shift of robot driver, a shift control method of vehicle robot driver based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) was proposed. The displacement of throttle pedal for robot driver, speed and acceleration of test vehicle were used as the input of FNN model, and shift was used as the output of FNN model. The number of membership functions was three, and the type of membership functions was gbellmf (generalized bell membership function). The hybrid learning algorithm that combined back propagation algorithm with least square method was applied to train the model. Simulation results demonstrated that the results of simulation shift for robot driver using FNN control had a good consistency with the results of experimental shift. Furthermore, the proposed method could realize the gear-selection of robot driver correctly with the changes of operation environment.

Abstract:Torsional vibration analysis method for the power split hybrid system with planetary gear was studied. Resonant speed of the powertrain was optimized through the stiffness matching of torsional damper. Parametric vibration model was built to investigate the influence of gear ratio and damper stiffness on powertrain resonance. Analysis results indicated that there was a high resonant speed zone when the ratio was controlled around some special value. The resonant speed could be reduced out of the engine working speed range with lower stiffness torsional damper.

Abstract:A modified skyhook damping (MSD) control strategy for multi-axial heavy truck suspension system based on orthogonal test was put forward. It could improve the road friendliness and ride comfort of the truck simultaneously, as a consequence, ride fatigue was alleviated and road life was prolonged. A multi-DOF model of four-axial heavy truck-road system was developed in ADAMS based on vehicle dynamics and functional virtual prototype (FVP), and the model was validated through a ride comfort test. In order to improve the truck performance preliminarily, proper air suspensions were chosen to replace the tandem suspension on the driving axles. Subsequently, semi-active, active MSD control were applied to the whole suspension system respectively using co-simulation of ADAMS and Matlab, and control parameters which ensured best integrated performance of the truck were chosen based on range analysis and variance analysis of orthogonal test. The simulation results indicated that ride comfort of the active MSD control truck was superior to the semi-active MSD control truck, however, the road friendliness were comparable. In addition, MSD control had a strong robustness to road level.

Abstract:A 3-D parallel mechanism was designed to solve the problem of 3-D vibration isolation of vehicle seat. The kinematic analysis of the platform indicated that there was big workspace in vertical direction. The Jacobian matrix was not relative to the vertical displacement, so the parallel mechanism met the need of 3-D vibration isolation of vehicle seat. The results of mode analysis showed that three natural frequency of the 3-D vibration isolation system could avoid the sensitive frequency of body, and the dynamic sensitivity analysis for the 3-D vibration isolation system discovered the influences of the design parameter to the natural frequency.

Abstract:In order to study the cornering and sideslip properties of wheeled tractors under ship sway, a ship-based wheeled tractor’s lateral characteristics were tested on a large tilt table. The effects of different ship sways including roll, pitch and heave on the wheeled tractors’ driving deviation properties were analyzed based on the simulation software Virtual.Lab Motion. Finally the effects of the pilot’s human factors on the wheeled tractors’ driving deviation properties and deviation characteristics of American active ship-based tractor A/S32A—32 were analyzed.

Abstract:The flat torque converter without inner ring was put forward to find out the impact of different flatness ratios and inner ring on the performance of torque converter. The flat torus design method based on the ellipse was used. Three different flatness ratio torque converters without inner ring were designed. The blade’s profile was distorted in space. The internal flow field of the torque converter was simulated by CFD method, and the distribution of the velocity and pressure of internal flow field was analyzed, so the impact of flatness ratio and inner ring on the flow field and performance could be figured out by analyzing the numerical solution.

Abstract:Soil erosion experiment was conducted by the way of field fixed poison measurement by taking use of a movable wind erosion tunnel in order to explore anti-wind erosion effect of crop stubble coverage farmland in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in north areas of Yinshan mountain. The results showed that soil wind erosion amount for all of the five kinds of soil surfaces decreased with the increasing of crop stubble coverage and the anti-wind erosion effect was more remarkable with the increasing of crop stubble coverage at the high speeds. The wind erosion module of farmland soil increased with the increasing of wind speed and the reducing rate of wind erosion module of conservation tillage farmland was 40.42%~77.42% with the wind speed of 12～18m/s in comparison with conventional tillage farmland. The wind erosion module reduced with the increasing of aerodynamic roughness length. Anti-wind erosion effect of conservation tillage farmland will tend to be more significant when its effective width to resist wind erosion reaches to 5.25m.

Abstract:Based on requirement of conservation tillage models in ridge cropping system in northeast area of China, no-tillage planting technology was analyzed. The agriculture-technique demand for no-till planter was put forward. The rolling disc residue cutting coulter and disc spiral ridge cleaning device were used in the proposed planter to improve the planter pass rate and keep ridge shape. Double disc fertilizer was used. Two ground-drive mechanisms were driven to remain the lateral stability of ridge-till planter. Field test results showed that the proposed 2BG—2 corn ridge planting no-till planter met the design requirement.

Abstract:The working resistance of soil cultivating component can be reduced efficiently by way of optimizing its macroscopic soil-engaging surface. The cultivating component designed by this method possesses the features of simple structure, low cost and energy-saving. The forms of generatrix and directrix, and the way of generatrix slides along the directrix would seriously affect the working resistance of soil cultivating component. The macroscopic soil-engaging surfaces of soil cultivating components were classified mainly by viewpoint of the curvature profile of the directrix. How the geometric parameters of the macroscopic soil-engaging surface of soil cultivating component affect the working resistance was introduced, including the width, cutting angle, cultivating depth, ratio of width and depth, ratio of length and depth, etc. The soil-engaging surfaces with different kinds of directrixes, including straight line, normal circular curve, simple curve and complex curvature-changing curve, were especially analyzed to uncover their affection to working resistance and soil disturbance.

Abstract:In order to solve the problem of mechanical precision metering, such as being strict with the size of seeds and high damage to seeds, a precision metering was designed based on the pelleted corn seeds. A single (precision) seeder experimental method, with the pelleted corn seeds whose size approximatively follow the normal distribution N(13.9,0.0566), comparative experiments of the metering performance were conducted by changing the structure parameters and rational speed of the moving plate. The results indicated that the single seed index was more than 98% when the rational speed of the moving plate was 14 r/min, the diameter of the cell was 15 mm and the oblique angle was 23°, so it proved that it had high sowing precision and speed.

Abstract:Compared to crank-rocker riding rice transplanter, the speed of rotary rice transplanter is doubled. In addition, the force impact on the ends of the rotative phase of double helix axis are five times stronger with the quality of feeder moving mechanism and rice seedings box is added. So the abrasion between the slider and the slide is more serious. In order to reduce the abrasion and impact, buffer springs were equipped to both ends of the double helix axis. By setting up the kinematic and dynamic models of slider and slide and writing the optimizing program, the optimal curve in rotative trough at both ends of the double helix axis and the stiffness coefficient of the buffer spring were obtained. After optimization, the force between the slider and the slide were cut down observably referring to the buffer spring added to both ends of the double helix axis, which maked the use of nylon material instead of rolled steel to produce double-helix axis feasible. Nylon materials and rolled steel were used to produce double-helix axis and slide, then comparison experiments of attrition resistance were carried out. The result of the experiments indicated wear-resisting nylon 66 double-helix axis and quench steel No.45 could conform to the rice transplanter’s working longevity.

Abstract:In order to research the drift mechanism and develop effective anti-drift technology, phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) was used to analyze droplets size and velocity distribution in spraying fan near flat fan nozzles. Results showed that the distribution of droplets size (VMD) in spraying fan sectional view was like a concave, and droplets size varied following quadratic polynomial in cross-symmetry plane and lengthwise-symmetry plane of spraying fan. Droplets drifting easily were located in the 300~500mm of the centre of spraying fan far from nozzles. Entrained air velocity in spraying fan varied following Gauss distribution, and the flow field of entrained air was similar to a submerged air jet. Major drifting areas were evaluated depending on the droplets size and velocity distribution in spraying fan. Results showed that there were three major drifting areas in spraying fan: cross edges of spraying fan, wake region of spraying fan and outer layer facing wind of spraying fan.

Abstract:In order to research on influence of spray operating parameters on droplet deposition, four kinds of spray pressure, air-blast velocity, travel speed, and three kinds of sampling height, were set to testing droplet coverage in artificial tree canopy and deposition shelf (sparse canopy), using orchard axial-fan air-assisted sprayer. Results showed that spray pressure had no significant effect on droplet deposition. To reduce-travel speed could increase droplet deposition on leaves frontside and backside. To increase air-blast velocity could increase droplet deposition effectively on leaves backside. According to the regression analysis, all the spraying parameters had significant effect on droplets deposition. But influence degree was different, the parameters order from strong to weak by influence degree were sample height, speed, air-blast velocity and spraying pressure.

Abstract:Aimed at optimizing the structure of jet-mixing apparatus, effect of three main structure parameters: nozzle-tube distance, area ratio and entrainment angle on the mixing performance were investigated based on CFD technique. A mathematical model for jet apparatus was established and validated by actual experimental data. Simulated results and experiment results showed that the established model was reasonable. The results indicated that nozzle-tube distance, area ratio and entrainment angle would not change the tendency of h—q with the increasing of flow ratio. However, both nozzle-tube distance and entrainment angle would not change the tendency of η—q except for area ratio.

Abstract:The grapevine canopy changes a lot along the growth season, so do the application rates. Three models were used with the aim to apply pesticides on grapevine rationally. The models mentioned were unit canopy row (UCR), leaf wall area (LWA), and DOSAVIA. The results showed that at early growth stage, the deposits for DOSAVIA, LWA and traditional method were not different significantly, neither for UCR, DOSAVIA and LWA; at middle growth stage, LWA method achieved the similar deposits to traditional, UCR got the minimum deposits; at the late growth stage, the traditional method had the maximum deposits than the others. Among all the trials at three growth stages, the distributions of deposits （CV）were very closed to each other.

Abstract:In order to get uniform water distribution, nozzle size selection of low pressure sprinklers with nonuniform spacing along the center pivot main lateral was established.Three configuration methods of sprinklers equipped with, without and partly with pressure regulators were put forward, and databases on sprinklers, pressure regulators and spans were built. Software on nozzle configuration and hydraulic performance analysis of center pivot irrigation system was also developed. Nozzle package selection for DYP—249 center pivot was generated by using the developed software and a field experiment on its hydraulic performance was conducted. The results showed that the inlet flow rate by using the software for DYP—249 center pivot was very close to the theoretical value, with a relative error less than 1.1%. Both the measured and simulated application rates along the main lateral had the same change trend. Due to the wind speed, wind direction, evaporation and drift, programming algorithm etc., the measured water distribution coefficient was 75.26%, lower than the simulated coefficient of 85.59% by this software. The practical example showed that the software could achieve quick and accurate nozzle configuration, and well predicted hydraulic performance for center pivot irrigation system.

Abstract:Corn stalk strength and elastic modulus are important influence factors in lodging resistance of corn. Through the mechanical experiments testing of the five varieties of corn stalk, it indicated that the stress and elastic modulus of different varieties of corn stalk strength were significantly different. The method of determining the bending strength and elastic modulus of the corn stalk was discussed. The corn stalk tester based on the simple beam model and the corn stalk elasticity tester based on the cantilever model were designed. The stretching pressure sensor, MCK—Y automatic display apparatus as the main part of electronic components, with force-loading mechanism by manual force realized digital display of bending strength and elastic modulus. The bending strength and elastic modulus of five different corn stalks were tested by using the two instruments. The comparison showed that the lodging resistance of different corn stalks was proportional to the bending strength and elastic modulus.

Abstract:In order to accurately obtain power characteristics of longitudinal axial-threshing unit test-bed, rotary torque sensors, signal acquisition card and industrial computer control system were used to measure the power of rice threshing with the drum rotate speed of 850r/min, inter-tooth space of 100mm, threshing clearance of 25mm, straw-grain ratio of 2.6, feeding capacity of 7kg/s. Instantaneous power was obtained by analyzing the power of rice threshing process characteristics. The results showed that the idle power of spike tooth longitudinal axial-threshing drums was 10.93kW; the threshing power was 36.94kW; mechanical efficiency was 69.62%.The experiment of power influencing factors, such as feeding capacity, inter-tooth space, straw-grain ratio, drum rotate speed and threshing clearance, was conducted on the longitudinal axial-threshing unit test-bed to analysis the threshing power characteristics and threshing performance.

Abstract:The parametric model of 4UX—550 potato harvester and suspension device of Dongfanghong—200P tractor were established with Pro/E software, and the assembly of suspension device of tractor and potato harvester was accomplished. The assembly model was imported into ADAMS. The hydraulic lifting loop system model was established. Then, the coupling simulation of mechanical system and hydraulic system were advanced. The results showed that when hydraulic pressure drived suspension unit, top hanging point appearing the biggest force evenly delayed 0.080s than that of the mechanical force driving, and lower hanging point delayed 0.088s under lifting conditions; top hanging point delayed 0.056s and lower hanging point delayed 0.060s under dropping conditions. When top and lower suspension points at the same force under the drive by hydraulic pressure and mechanical, hydraulic cylinder buffer force was in the ranges of 5.09~15.39N.

Abstract:The Mubang 9KF—8042 baler for square straw bale was chosen as research object. 3-D assemble model of D-knotter and its ancillary mechanisms were firstly built up by using SolidWorks software, and imported to ADAMS software for its kinematics simulation and time series analysis of enlacing and knotting process, including sending rope, pushing rope, hanging rope, holding rope, winding rope, biting rope, cutting rope and threading off knot. Knotting principle of D-knotter was revealed. Motion test of the physical prototype showed that reverse designed model of D-knotter and its ancillary mechanisms were accurate, and the results of kinematics simulation recurred the predetermined motion processes of enlacing and knotting requirement correctly. According to the results of kinematics simulation, coupling relationship of motion time series of each functional component was determined.

Abstract:A circular chain cargo transportation ropeway system was proposed and developed for a simplified and labor-saving method to transport fruit and production materials in mountain citrus orchards. The ropeway system was composed of driving devices, hoisting chain, horizontal chain pulley, steering mechanism, automatic tensioning device, vertical chain pulley, combined chain pulley and cargo hooks. With the in-situ ropeway system installed in Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces, the chain circulation movement including up and down hill, steering and straight operations around the mountain was realized, fruit and production materials could be easily uploaded and downloaded by farmers standing on the ground, thereby the labor-saving and effective mountain citrus orchard cargo transportation was achieved.

Abstract:Entire 3-D numerical simulation was used to study the experimental device of miniature biomass circulating fluidized beds gasifier(CFBG). Mutual influence of each unit was taken in consideration in simulation. Euler dual fluid granular model, particle pulsation theory and Gidaspow momentum exchange model were used. The simulation showed the variations of 3-D gas-solid flow structures and distributions at different solid inventories. It formed a pressure loop over the height of reefed line orifice, and performed large scale axial circulations. It could not form obvious core-annulus structures over the height of reefed line orifice. The simulation results fit well with the experiment results.

Abstract:In order to further understand compression characteristics of the crop straws with core, taking Nongda108 corn stalk cores as object, the viscoelastic parameters were obtained through radial compression test for the crop stalks with core was anisotropic, non-homogeneous and non-linear. The finite element model of the corn stalk core was established with ANSYS. Radial compression and relaxation of corn stalk cores were preceded and simulated. The results showed stress relaxation characteristics of corn stalk cores were depicted by five parameters generalized Maxwell model, and errors between experimental values and finite element simulation values about fitting model parameters were less than 10%. The test approved that the radial compression change curves between test and simulation were accordant, and verified the validity of the simulation results and the feasibility of the calculation model.

Abstract:To study the effects of different initial free airspaces (Fas) on pig slurry-wheat straw reactor scale composting, three levels of Fas (56.70%，62.67%，68.36%) were obtained by mixing pig slurry and wheat straw with the same mass ratio (1∶0.086) but in different wheat straw sizes (0~1cm, 2~5cm, 7cm). Oxygen concentration and temperature were monitored by sensors during the whole composting period, while moisture and volatile solid (VS) content were checked by chemical analysis method at the end of composting. In addition, a Monod form model was employed to simulate VS content during composting period. According to the results of composting test, changes of oxygen concentration, temperature, moisture and VS based on different initial Fas levels were respectively clearly different; effects of bulking agent sizes on mixture structure were apparent.

Abstract:The characteristics of the flow field in completly mixed biogas digester were studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Effects of different installation way of agitator to the disturbances in the upper and lower layer were analyzed. The results showed that increasing of agitator mounting height was difficult to improve the flow. Therefore, the double-mixing was used in the biogas digesters. Compared to the original installation, flow speed could increase by 90.90% in the 4.3m layer and 20.94% in the 0.2m layer with the double-mixing. The actual project also showed that this modified method could reduce scum, disturb sludge and improve operational efficiency.

Abstract:Aiming at the technologies of sweet sorghum planting and advanced solid state fermentation (ASSF) in Inner Mongolia, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model on energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and other relative impact factors was established together with a database of fertilizer, pesticide and other energy inputs. The model showed that the energy input was 34831MJ/t and mainly distributed in sweet sorghum planting and ethanol producing phases. The energy output, net energy produced, energymaking efficiency and CO2 emissions were 46562MJ/t, 11730.97MJ/t, 1.34 and 93.23g/MJ, respectively. The results showed sweet sorghum ethanol making was feasible from the view point of energy production. 

Abstract:Effects of reaction time, temperature and acid concentration of acid hydrolysis from Carya cathayensis Sarg. shell to xylose were investigated. The dynamics model of the acid hydrolysis was established. The model was verified by experiment. The optimum extraction parameters were: temperature was 363.15K, concentration of hydrochloric acid was 1.2mol/L and acid hydrolysis time was 5h. The apparent activation energy of the transformation to xylose was 70.91kJ/mol. The relationship between the reaction rate constant, temperature and acid concentration was as follows:lnk1=21.4540－8.5290/T－5.0632lnC. 

Abstract:Based on geometric shape and physics parameters of longan fruit, the mechanical model of single longan was established. The module of elasticity of longan flesh was determined by means of comparing the calculated results on the mechanical model with the experimental results. By finite element analysis on longan under the compressed load with the pedicel and middle, the stress distribution of inner longan was obtained. The results showed the maximal tensile stress was the main factor causing the macroscopic breakage form of longan skin.

Abstract:The crude polysaccharide was extracted from sour jujube fruits using hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation.The content of crude polysaccharide was (92.6±4.72) mg/g by phenol-sulfuric acid assay, and selenium content of the polysaccharide was (17.8±2.05) μg/kg by fluorescence spectrophotometry method. After further purified by DEAE—52 and Sephadex G—75 column chromatography, a white and flocculent polysaccharide was obtained. After hydrolysis with 2M trifluoroacetic acid, TLC plates was detected and high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was further analyzed. A comparative study of the two methods showed that the polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with a ratio of 3.21∶8.36∶5.63∶0.96∶1.82. The selenium polysaccharide exhibited typical absorption of polysaccharide characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectroscopy;1H NMR and 3C NMR analysis indicated that the structure of selenium polysaccharide was pyranoid glucan withβ-glycosidic bond.

Abstract:In order to separate and prepare ginkgo antioxidant peptide, Sephadex G—25 gel filtration chromatography, Sephadex G—10 gel filtration chromatography and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to purify ginkgo peptide. The purity of the ginkgo peptide was confirmed by HPLC. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass showed that the relative molecular mass was 452.21Da. Results of antioxidation test indicated that ginkgo antioxidant peptides exhibited strong scavenging capability to hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals with the scavenging rates reached to 80.26% and 83.57%, respectively. 

Abstract:Deacidification of high-acid rice bran oil catalyzing by esterification using lipase Novozym 435 were studied. According to response surface method (RSM) and Box—Benhnken experimental design, the best conditions of enzymatic esterification were optimized based on the analysis of significant factors and their interactions. The optimum conditions were：enzyme concentration of 1.1%, initial glycerol of 0.42mg, reaction temperature of 56.4℃, the reaction time of 23.2h. Under the conditions，rice bran oil acid value（KOH） decreased from 56mg/g to 5.04mg/g，the esterification rate of free fatty acid（FFA） reached to 91% and matched the prediction value by model.

Abstract:The effects of eight natural compounds on quality and shelf life of Pacific white shrimps was investigated. Cinnamaldehyde exhibited both antimicrobial activity and inhibitory ability against polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity to maintain the quality of the Pacific white shrimp during storage. The kinetic analysis showed that cinnamaldehyde was a noncompetitive inhibitor for PPO of the Pacific white shrimp. The combined preservative was optimized using orthogonal experiment and then the optimal combination was as follows: 0.10% cinnamaldehyde, 0.05% phytic acid and 0.50% sodium alginate. The aerobic plate counts (APC), total volatile bases nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and sensory analyses were used to investigate the change in the quality of the Pacific white shrimps after applications of different treatments. Based on these studies, shrimps treated with the combined preservative exhibited the lowest APC, TVB-N, and TBARS value among the all treatments by the end of storage. The combined preservative could improve the sensory properties and prolong the shelf life of the Pacific white shrimps to 8～10 days. 

Abstract:Using the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), scattering radiation (PFDdif) and direct radiation (PFDdir) from the ginseng base in forest as research object, a support vector machine model about photosynthetic active radiation based on linear function (k1), polynomial function (k2) and radial basis function (k3) was constituted. By using K-fold cross validation method, penalty parameter cand g numerical value were optimized by particle swarm optimization. Penalty parameter c and g numerical value of photosynthetic active radiation support vector machine model were configured 16 and 1 by grid search algorithm. 0.2k1+0.8k2 kernel function was chosed to construct the predict PAR model by related coefficient and the fitting equilibrium principle. Fitting index of predicting set 1 and 2 was separately 89.2132% and 81.7896% based on the predicting model. By using particle swarm algorithm, the two predicting models’ parameters were optimized. Fitting index of predicting set 1 and 2 was separately 92.1560% and 90.0360%. The predicting model based on 0.2k1+0.8k2 and particle swarm algorithm showed ability to predict PAR variation trend.

Abstract:In order to realize the intelligent diagnosis of potato early blight, with the combination of the linear superposition of quantum computing ideas and adaptive neural network computation, a quantum neural network model for diagnosis of potato early blight was built. The model used multiple quantum energy levels of the hidden layer activation function of the linear superposition of quantum neuron model. Fuzzy decision of disease diagnosis was effectively solved. Uncertainty characteristics of sample data was adaptively given in training process to determine. The algorithm overcame the disadvantages of local minimum and increased learning efficiency and training speed. The simulation results showed that the diagnosis accuracy reached to 96.5%. 

Abstract:A visualization modeling method of leaf vein was presented, including the geometric modeling for plant leaf and shape modeling for leaf vein. The geometric model for leaf was built through changing rectangle shape. Different methods were tested for the shape modeling for leaf vein. The feather vein was formed by nonlinearity function. The mushy vein was formed by random iteration based on seed growing. The palmate vein was formed based on leaf growing. These methods could be realized quickly and easily.

Abstract:Based on the phobophototaxis of rice plant hoppers and the method of capturing insects applied by crop protection experts, a kind of automatic acquisition system for insects images in field environment was developed. The system was consisted of a computer, an insect capture platform, an image acquisition device and controlling system. Firstly, a fluorescent lamp was utilized to attract wild insects on the curtain screen installed on the capture platform. Later, with the 2-D movement of the capture platform and the white curtain, the image acquisition device controlled by the computer and microprocessor took photos of insects on the curtain screen at regular intervals. Hence the images of insects in a natural status were obtained. Experimental results showed that the system could be used to obtain clear and complete images of insects in a natural status. The study provided facilities for the automatic identification for rice plant hoppers and the prediction of the density of the rice plant hoppers in fields. 

Abstract:According to the uncertainty and low accuracy of apple grading relying on the single feature, key features such as size, shape, color and defect which could show the apples appearance quality were extracted and a decision fusion method based on D—S evidence theory was proposed. Firstly, the apples were graded according to each of the four features utilizing human experience and neural network. Then, the former grading results were used as evidences to achieve the decision fusion in order to increase the grading reliability and accuracy. Finally, 80 apple samples were used to test grading effect. The experimental results showed that five apples were misjudged and the grading accuracy reached to 92.5%. The proposed method had good performance on classification rate and stability compared to the grading method based on single feature. 

Abstract:An automatic interface method for data transmission based on ADAMS was proposed by using the idea of plug-in program design and sequence and loop process control. The interface software was developed on the platform of dynamics analysis of mechanical system software ADAMS, 3-D parametric modeling software Pro/E and finite element analysis software ANSYS, utilized the respective secondary development technology of the platform software as well as VC++. Finally, the Dongfanghong—1604 tractor steering mechanism was used as experimental verification. The results showed that the sideslip characteristics of tractor tire could be used to describe the steering performance of tractor, and the relevant data information involved in the analyzing process was transmitted automatically and losslessly among ADAMS, Pro/E and ANSYS.

Abstract:A swaying joint was proposed based on the flexible pneumatic actuator (FPA), which was composed of two symmetrical and parallel-connected arc-shaped FPAs. The movable ends of arc-shaped FPAs were connected with the movable deck and the latter could sway around the revolving pair. By changing the air pressures inside the two arc-shaped FPAs, they would have turning angles with different sizes, which realized the swaying movement of the joint. The static model was established based on the equilibrium of moments. Simulation results showed that the turning angle of the swaying joint was basically linear with the air pressure inside the arc-shaped FPA. The turning angle increased with the initial angle, average radius of FPA and pre-stretching angle, and decreased with the shell thickness of FPA. Experimental results implied that the established mathematic model could basically describe the static characteristics of the swaying joint.

Abstract:In order to deal with the problems in axial piston pump such as uneven loading of port plate pair, offset load moment of port plate and bad lubrication of port plate pair in low pressure area, textured port plate in low pressure area was studied. An analysis model was established to study the effects of diameter, depth and area ratio of micro-dimple on load carrying capacity and compensating torque. The results showed that the micro-dimples with greater dimple diameter could induce higher load carrying capacity and compensation torque. The optimum dimple area ratio was in the range of 12%~18% and the dimple depth gave an obvious affection on load carrying capacity and compensation torque.

Abstract:Based on Hamrock-Dowson and film thickness calculation formulae, the EHD film thickness formulae of globoidal indexing cam mechanism of steel ball between steel ball and cam raceway were deduced. By using numerical analysis method, film thickness of cams with modified constant velocity motion curve, modified trapezoidal acceleration motion curve and modified sine acceleration motion curve respectively were compared during the entire indexing cycle. The effects of cam speed, load torque on indexing plate, ball diameter, indexing plate diameter, curvature ratio, etc. on film thickness were also discussed. It provided theoretical basis for the lubrication design of globoidal indexing cam of steel ball.

Abstract:The mechanism and the producing condition of instability in low velocity of hydraulic motors were analyzed based on dynamic model and test. Nonlinear coupled force combined with hydraulic spring and self-excited vibration was thought to be the key factor that could affect instability in low angular velocity. The results indicated that the low speed creeping characteristics of hydraulic motor could be affected by friction torque, leakage and compressibility of oil and liquid. The test showed that the fluctuation was the negative characteristics of friction in the self-excited vibration conditions. Some measures were proposed to improve the low speed stability of hydraulic motors.

Abstract:On the basis of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) feeding system mechanical model, effects of normal force of moving parts in different stroke to deformation of a gantry type beam were analyzed by finite element method. A curve corresponding to y irectional deformation of the beam was achieved and the deformation of the beam was measured. The normal force of PMLSM was achieved by finite element simulation and relevant experiments. Deformation of the tool point was analyzed by finite element method and compared with the experimental results. The simulation results were verified to be reliable. 

Abstract:A direct input push-pull force monitoring method with rotary pull-press force sensors was proposed. It was analyzed how the centrifugal force affecting the error the rotary pull-press force sensors. An algorithm was disclosed to compensate the error from the expansion under the centrifugal force. The rotary pull-press force sensor was used to monitor the input force of the power chuck in the experiment. It monitored the variation of the input push-pull force of the power chuck well. The direct monitoring of the input push-pull force was more reliable than the indirect monitoring of the oil pressure. The input push-pull force sensor was more difficult to be polluted by the cooling water and scrap iron.

Abstract:Based on the experimental and numerical simulation, the mechanism of micron dimension crack of crankshaft appeared in the area of inner parting plan of rod journal and transition fillet was analyzed in the view of the billet inner freedom defects’ transition during the forging. The billet was divided into two layers, named the outer higher quality layer and inner lower quality layer, and the corresponding finite element model of billet was built. The flow and distribution of two layers metals during forging were simulated by Deform 3D and the trend of accumulate of inner defects was achieved as well as the influence law of forging velocity on two layers’ flowing. The results showed that the inner low quality metal was distributed in the area of inner parting plan of rod journal and transition fillet and exposed on forging surface, which was the dangerous area. The metal on the cross section of rod journal flowing only at a direction intensified the trend of defect accumulating in the dangerous area. According to the experiment results, the micron dimension crack was a kind of hairline crack. The inclusion which contained MnS and MoS and transited into the surface of forging from inside of billet was extended along with the forming direction.