Abstract:The regenerative vehicle active suspensions have become more and more attractive to many automotive researchers and engineers in recent years. The main benefits of a regenerative vehicle active suspension are the possible improvement of rid e comfort and the regeneration of vibration energy with decreasing the energy co nsumption of active suspension. Above all, the state of the art on regenerative active suspension is reviewed. Then the electromagnetic suspension is summarized as the main type of regenerative suspension. In the end, the key problems in th e development of the electromagnetic suspension are analyzed. With the improvement of electromagnetic technology,the electromagnetic regenerat ive suspension may become one of promising trends of vehicle active suspension.

Abstract:Considering vehicles running in many different work conditions, the mathematical models of suspension, steering and braking system are established. The intercon nections and confinements among the three systems are analyzed. Based on the ana lysis of interrelationships among the systems operated under different work cond itions, the problems needed to be paid attention to and the measures needed to b e taken in the system designs are presented. The results of simulation and testi ng show the close connection and interaction among the three systems, and the co rrectness of the established models.

Abstract:An integrated chassis control approach based on the multivariable frequency doma in control methods was proposed to coordinate the active steering system and the active braking system. The multivariable vehicle system was analyzed, and the i ntegrated chassis controller was designed by using the multivariable frequency d oma in control methods. A typical case was simulated on the cosimulation platform with Matlab and AMESim. The simulation results showed that the controller could eliminate the interference and coupling between the active steering system and t he active braking system, and improve the vehicle handling and stability perform ance effectively. 

Abstract:Aimed at the problem of starting control of dual clutch transmission equipped with wet clutch, the starting strategy was developed on the basis of clutch c ontrol evaluation and dynamics analysis about transmission. The clutch pressure control method was proposed based on fuzzy PID control, and the detailed fuzzy control process was developed. The control flow of DCT starting was determined s o that the clutch actual pressure got better control. Starting experiments of th ree different throttle and continuous startstop experiments in a short time we re executed. The experimental results verified the rationality of the control st rategies. It could meet the requirements of smooth and rapid vehicle starting, a nd establish the foundation for the further development of DCT.

Abstract:A pure AMT pneumatic automatic transmission actuator is designed, and the t heoretical thermodynamic model of the shifting cylinder is set up by using the gas thermod ynamics and kinetics. Based on changing characteristics of shift indicators in v ehicle, the Simulink simulation is designed. Through testing different shift cylinde r size impacting on the rate of change of chamber pressure and set up time of chamb er pressure, clear shift cylinder optimization design objectives are established. Finally, through a balanced optimization of orthogonal test method, optimal design of AMT implemen tation pneumatic c ylinder transmission system is achieved. 

Abstract:Aiming at the speed control of hydrostatic transmission system, a design method of adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control with friction torque dynamic compensation is proposed. The friction torque dynamic compensation method is introduced to e nhance the response of the system. The adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced t o solve the problem of the uncertain parameters and external disturbances of the system, so that the design of controller can be performed without accurate model . The adaptive law derived by Lyapunov method can guarantee the stability of con trol system and reduce the high frequency chattering. Simulation results show t hat the control approach can decrease the tracking error, enhance the system’s rob ustness and attenuate the high frequency chattering in the control signal. 

Abstract:To solve the problems in research and development of bulldozer, a semiphysical experiment system is established to simulate the whole process of bulldozer ope ration. Based on the research results of bulldozer dynamics characteristics, a m odel is suggested and the theoretical foundation of bulldozer automatic control is built. A loading device is used to simulate the force on the bladecontrolle d cylinder. The blade position is adjusted by the blade control system according to the control signal from hardware controller. Then the semiphysical experim ent is performed through simulation calculations. A fuzzy neural network control method based on variable universe is proposed for engine speed control. And the overall control strategy of bulldozer operation efficiency is studied combined with slip rate control and engine management system. Experimental results show t hat the engine speed is stable and the working efficiency is improved when using the new control strategy.

Abstract:An improved dynamic time warping (DTW) speech recognition method is proposed. An electronic control unit of vehicular speech recognition system is developed bas ed on chip microcontroller SPCE061A. The corresponding control software is progr ammed and the speech recognition tests are carried out under the different noise conditions within an experimental vehicle. The test results show that the speec h recognition ratio reduces with the increase of the vehicle interior noise leve l and the speech length. The average recognition ratio is 90% for two Chinese characters speech and 85% for four Chinese characters speech when the vehicle is u nder the idle running condition and the interior noise is less than 50dB(A). A nd the average recognition ratio is 85% for two Chinese characters speech and 80 % for four Chinese Characters speech when the vehicle is under the fixation and halfthrottle running condition and the interior noise level range is from 60 t o 70dB(A). The speech recognition results are satisfactory.

Abstract:Spatial variability of van Genuchten model parameters and its affecting factors in 0～20cm and 20～40cm soil layers were studied with multifractal and joint multifractal methods. The results showed that in 0～20cm and 20～40cm soil layers parameter had obvious multifractal characteristics, and its spatial varia b ility was strong caused by the distribution of lower and higher values respectiv ely. The multifractal characteristics of parameter n and θs were not obvious, and the spatial variability was weak. Correlation characteristics betwe en van Genuchten model parameters α and soil physical properties in 0～20 cm and 20～40cm soil layers were analyzed. At the observation scale, the corre lations between parameter n and sand and silt content were significant, the parameter n and sand and organic matter content had remarkable relationship, and θs was significantly related to sand content in 0～20cm soil layer. The relationship between parameters α and organic matter content was remarkabl e, and the parameter n and θs were significantly related to sand, sil t and organic matter content in 20～40cm soil layer. At the multiple scales, c orrelations between parameters α and sand and silt content were most obviou s in 0～20cm soil layer, and parameters α were remarkably related to bulk density and organic matter content in 20～40cm soil layer. 

Abstract:Based on field experiment in Nanpi ecological experimental station of Chinese Ac ademy of Sciences, the soil water salt distribution of postirrigation both on s oil profile and along the border was studied. The results showed that, when prec ipitation rate was the same, the moisture content in 0～100cm soil layer prese nted difference between surge flow irrigation and continuous irrigation. The uni formity of water application was compared, and the best irrigation condition wa s observed when all water supply period were 90min, which was N=3, r=1 /2, and Ton=30min. Meanwhile the soil moisture content had minimal d i spersion degree, and the uniformity of water application was the most satisfacto ry. The taproot region salt content of continuous irrigation was apparently higher t han surge flow irrigation from variation coefficient, which means that the salt distribution dispersion degree of surge flow irrigation was lower than that of c ontinuous irrigation from border initial to border end. Changing irrigation meth od from continuous irrigation to surge flow irrigation can improve water salt di stribution pattern under the condition of same precipitation rate.

Abstract:An effective projection pursuit classification model is suggested to evaluate co mpensatory effects of water recovery after drought in order to avoid the uncerta inty of the evaluation and the optimization, and to improve the accuracy of the evaluating model. It adopts an ant colony algorithm based on mutation and dyna mic pheromone updating to find the best projective direction, and then uses the best projective direction to calculate the contribution of each evaluation index to the compensatory effects. The test results showed that photosynthetic rate d irectly reflected the capacity of compensatory growth. Thus it is a critical f actor for compensatory effects, which conformed to the previous studies. The opt imal compensatory effects appeared in the fifth day after appropriate rewatering . 

Abstract:Through laboratory experiments, the soil moisture infiltration characteristics a nd the distribution rule of soil moisture in wetting front are studied under the condition of different additives and proportions. Results show that the relatio nship between soil moisture diffusivity and soil water content can be better de scribed by an exponential function. The soil with a certain additive can prolong the time of high moisture in the arable layer. The treatment with 3% and 1% mai ze leaf can improve soil water content effectively. The results can provide an e ngineering method for large scale soil improvement. 

Abstract:Soil surface roughness has been widely used for characterizing soil surface prof ile. To rapidly measure soil surface roughness in situ, a laser scanner is devel oped based on triangulation principle. Compared with traditional instruments, th is device has higher measurement resolution (01mm), precision positioning ab ility (1mm), and efficiency. A PDA (personal digital assistant) is used as datalogger, which can meet the requirements of portability, large data mem ory, and realtime data processing in field.

Abstract:The basic principle of time domain reflectometry used for soil moisture measurem ent is introduced, and the disadvantages of currently available TDR instruments are discussed as well as their advantages. A new TDR system, called P〖CD*2〗TDR , composed of a highfrequency signal generator, a phase detector, a microproce ssor and a soil moisture probe is developed. Singlefrequency sinusoidal voltag e signal is adopted as test signal, and the travel time of the test signal along with probe embedded in moist soil is measured by a phase detector instead of hi ghspeed sampling oscilloscope, from which the soil water content will be estim ated. It has high accuracy and resolution in travel time measurement. Calibratio n experiments are conducted in sand, loam soil and clayey loam soil samples with the volumetric water contents varied from zero to saturation. The experimental res ults show that the measuring deviation is less than 003 between P〖 CD*2〗TDR and gravimetric sampling method. 

Abstract:A coplanar electrode capacitance online moisture sensor was developed, which has higher precision, more compact configuration and easier installation compared w ith traditional parallel electrodes and cylindrical moisture sensors. An active shield electrode was invented to block the outside electric field, thus the stra y capacitance was decreased and the precision and sensitivity of the sensor was increased according to finite element analysis. A comparative circuit was used t o avoid the influence of shield electrode on drive electrode. Experiments were c onducted on grains with 6%～36% moisture content on a custombuilt equipment. Th e relationships between sensor output frequency and grain moisture content were investigated for each temperature condition and the result was compiled into sof tware to realize temperature compensation which decreased the error from 5% to 1 %. Experimental validation proved that the sensor had a small measuring error of 1％ and was applicable to moisture content range of 6%～36% and temperature ran ge of -10～80℃. 

Abstract:An optimization model for gravity treetype pipe network is established, in whi ch the minimal investment is taken as the objective function, and the pressu re, flow rate and pipe diameter are taken as the constraint conditions. The impr oved genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. Based on the optimal featur es of treetype pipe network, the dual coding combining binary coding with inte ger coding is adopted in the genetic algorithm to optimize the pipe layout and p ipe diameter simultaneously. Based on characteristics of tree in the graph theor y, the cycle method is adopted to improve cross method in the operations of init ial solution creating and mutation so that the number of infeasible solutions is reduced. Some operational processes of genetic algorithm are improved. The simu lated annealing algorithm is introduced in the model. The fitness function is ad justed, and the computing methods of crossover rate and mutation rate are improv ed. Example shows that the algorithm is efficient.

Abstract:As one of the key parts of the impact sprinkler, the swing arm is exerted by com plex dynamic stress in the impact process. Based on the dynamic explicit softwar e ANSYS/LS〖CD*2〗DYNA, a finiteelement model for simulating the rotation of s wi ng arm around the axis and the impact between the swing arm and the sprinkler bo dy was established. Several cases under three rotational angular velocities and with or without the rubber pad fixed on the sprinkler body’s contact stop were investigated. The results indicate that under the angular velocity of 400(°)/s, t he simulated peak dynamic stress of PY140 impact sprinkler was 423MPa, wit h an error less than 05% compared with the measured result. The predicted peak d ynamic stress was located offset 15cm from the centerline of the swing arm’s rotation axis, which was the same as the measured data. The extreme dynamic stre sses of different cross sections and contact stresses increased with the increas e of the rotational angular velocity. After fixing the rubber pad, the peak dyna mic stress had an average decrease of 104% under three angular velocities, whi le the contact time had an average increase of 766%. 

Abstract:The mechanical properties of wheat roots in mature were tested, and the curves o n stressstrain of wheat roots were measured by the electronic testing machine CMT2502. The microstructure of wheat roots was observed, and the SEM images of wheat roots were scanned by electron microscope. The relation between mechanica l properties and microstructure of wheat roots was analyzed, and mechanical mo del of wheat roots was established. The results showed that wheat root was a typ ical porous, nocontinuous, nohomogeneous and anisotropic composite material. Wheat roots had enough strength and good flexibility, and its carrying capacity depended on the thickness of thickwalled cells and the numbers of vascular bu ndles, as well as the connection form and strength of cells in roots. The streng th of primary root and secondary root were 2121～5725MPa a nd 308～1307MPa, respectively. 

Abstract:In order to develop the rice hull hot briquetting technology and machine, the ef fect of briquetting pressure, heating temperature, moisture and the ratio of ric e hull to binder on briquetting laxation density was studied based on the quadra tic regression orthogonal rotation tests with four factors and response face met hod. Functional models of briquetting laxation density were established and anal yzed by SPSS 115 and Matlab 71. The results showed that the effect order of fo ur factors was as follows: heating temperature, moisture, briquetting pressure , and ratio of rice hull to binder. When briquetting pressure, ratio of rice hul l to binder, moisture, and heating temperature were 10MPa，35〖DK〗∶1，16% ， and 100℃ respectively, the optimum conditions were obtained and the briquetting lax ation density reached to 0945g/cm3, which was suitable to briquetting. The regression equation was significant, and the mathematical model for the simulat ion was presented. 

Abstract:The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility to estimate organic m atter (OM) content in chicken manure during aerobic composting. Two types of reg ression methods were used with physicochemical properties and nearinfrared spe ctroscopy (NIRS). Single and two variable linear regressions between the values of dry matter (DM), pH value, electrical conductivity (EC) and OM content were develop ed. Results showed that it was significant in practice to estimate the OM conten t using DM value with a higher coefficient of determination (R2=081, P <0001). In addition, multiple linear regression (MLR), principle component r egression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLS) were used to develop NIRS models for OM. It was observed that the both models of PCR and PLS were rob u st with the coefficient of determination in validation set r2=095, respe ctively. And both the ratios of standard deviation of validation set to root mea n square error of prediction (RPD) are greater than 40.

Abstract:The ethanol fermentation capability of Schizosaccharomyces pombe from inulin was investigated. The effects of temperature, inulin concentration, and initial pH value on the ethanol fermentation were studied. The ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke juice and flour were further studied. Experimental results s howed that S.pombe demonstrated good ethanol fermentation performance. The o ptimum initial pH value was 40, and the optimum temperature was 30℃. Under th e optimal conditions, the maximum ethanol concentration of 7458g/L, equivale nt to 8124% of the theoretical yield, was reached from 200g/L inulin concent ration after 72h of incubation. Higher theoretical conversion rates of 8402% and 8609% were obtained when Jerusalem artichoke juice and flour were directl y used in fermentation, respectively.

Abstract:The effect of 1MCP treatments on lignification and cell ultrastructure of peeled water bamboo shoot was investigated under th e storage conditions of normal and low temperature. The results indicated that 0 5μL/L of 1MCP treatment could keep good sensory quality and inhibit t he ethylene production rate. It could also markedly reduce the increase of cellu lose content, the decrease of water soluble pectin content, and the increase of protopectin content, and inhibit the lignification of peeled water bamboo shoot. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of peel ed water bamboo under the storage conditions of normal temperature. The results showed that the cell inclusions of peeled water bamboo shoot treated with 1MCP were rich and the degradation of plasmodesma was inhibited compared with t h e control, which further indicated the inhibition of 1MCP on lignificati on of peeled water bamboo shoot. 

Abstract:In order to research the effects of modified atmosphere on the preservation of Pteridium aquilinum during storage period, the SOD and POD activity, respir ation rat e and ethylene release，fresh and dry weight, MDA, chlorophyll, soluble sugar an d VC content were studied by setting different CO2 and O2 proportion. Result s showed that, proper CO2 and O2 proportion can maintain the higher SOD and POD activity, decrease the content of MDA, keep the respiration rate and ethylen e release appropriately, reduce the loss of dry and fresh weight, eventually ava il to the preservation of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and VC content. In this exp eriment, the optimal CO2 and O2 proportion is 2% and 6%, second is 6% and 10 %. The combination could commendably retain the quality of Pteridium aquilin um up to above 15d.

Abstract:Research on vacuum infrared radiation drying of Rehmanniae was carried out u sing an improved vacuum infrared radiation dryer. By means of logarithm of experimen tal data and linear regression, the pattern of thinlayer vacuum infrared dryin g model of Rehmanniae, which was related to the temperature of radiation boa rd a nd pressure in the chamber, was set as Modified Page equation, and the expressio n and values of model parameters were also obtained subsequently. The model coul d describe and predict change regulation of moisture ratio very well according t o the comparison of experimental values and calculated values.

Abstract:In order to improve the stabilized storage of wheat germ (WG) and better prepare it for further processing, a fluidization drying technology is developed to sol ve the problem of wheat germ’〖KG-*4〗s acidification and deterioration. Accord ing to t he WG character and the actual production, a multistage fluidized bed is designe d and connected to wheat flour product line. With this equipment, temperature an d airflow as major parameters are selected to test their respective influence on the wheat germ stabilization. The result shows that the optimized condition of fluidization drying is 45℃ of outlet temperature. VE loss of processed WG is 6 28％, and the decrease of NSI is 111％. No distinct change is observed in i ts fatty acid composition and relative content. After 30 days’ accelerate store , peroxide value is 72mmol/kg, and acid value is 1847mg/g. The experimen t result shows that the technology and equipment developed have satisfied the de mands of stabilized storage of wheat germ. 

Abstract:The extracting technology and antioxidant activity of bioactive components from clove were studied. The results showed that the optimal parameters of the extrac ting technology were as follows, the concentration of ethanol was 60%，th e extracting temperature was 60℃，the ratio of sample to extracting solution wa s 1〖DK〗∶20 , and the extracting time was 40min. The recovery ratio of bioac t ive compounds from clove was (104804±403)μmol/g in this extracting tec hn ology. The crude extracts obtained from this extracting technology were proved t o have strong antioxidant activity. The reducibility of the crude extracts was w eaker than those of two positive controls (BHT and VC) (P<001 or P<0 001). The FRAP values and the activity of scavenging DPPH radicals of the crude extracts were weaker than those of VC and stronger than those of BHT (P<00 5, P<001 or P<0001). It was found by using the bioassay guided metho d that the bioactive antioxidants of clove were mainly attributed to the ethyl a cetate fraction. The reducibility (OD 700nm) and FRAP values (OD 593nm) of t he sample of the ethyl acetate fraction with the concentration of 100μg/mL we re 0634±0040 and 0433±0005, respectively. The percentage of scavenging DPPH radicals of the same sample was (85294±0499)%. The result of correlat io n analysis showed that the strong antioxidant activity mainly resulted from the high contents of the total phenols and total flavonoids.

Abstract:Casein hydrolysates were prepared by hydrolysis of casein with papain, and then modified by papaincatalyzed plastein reaction to prepare antioxidant peptides with higher activity. Response surface analysis was conducted to optimize the co nditions of plastein reaction with the variations of free amino groups in reacti on mixture used as index. The optimal conditions obtained were that enzyme addit ion level was 500U〖DK〗/g, temperature was 30℃, concentration of hydroly sates was 50% and reaction time was 56h. The analysis results from capillary electrophoresis confirmed that the peptide compositions of modified products we re different from that of casein hydrolysates. The antioxidant activities of thr ee modified products were also analyzed, which indicated that their scavenging a ctivities for three free radicals were enhanced obviously.

Abstract:The alcoholic and acetic acid liquid state fermenta tion technology of Litchi vinegar were studied. Experiments showed that the suit able addition of 4g/L polypeptide before alcoholic fermentation could promote microbial strains growth and the flavor compound formation of total esters and a mino nitrogen. The alcoholic fermentation was optimized by means of quadratic ge neral rotary unitized design . The optimized condition was 015% inoculation volume (the volume proportion o f Anqi to CICC 1312 was 2〖DK〗∶1), 18g/(100mL) reducing sugar, 30℃ fermentatio n temper ature, pH value 45. The alcohol content was 976% under the optimized conditi on. Th e acetic acid fermentation was optimized by means of L9(34) orthogonal test. The optimized result was 10% inoculation volume of AS 141，33℃ fermentation temperature and 6% alcohol content. Under the condition, Litchi vinegar had 59 9g/(100mL) acidity, 048g/L total esters and 598mg/(100mL) amino ni trogen. 

Abstract:A modeling method of the thermal distribution in glass greenhouse with mechanica l ventilation was proposed based on the CFD technique. The flow regime, which wa s proved to be turbulent, was modelled by using the standard turbulence model，a s well as the crop model, solar radiation and thermal radiation model．The numer ical solution was made by applying a finite volume discretization code with the SIMPLE algorithm, and then the velocities and temperatures at key points were me asured in a Venlotype greenhouse. The temperature error and the mean absolute t emperature error were controlled in 3℃ and 10% respectively except few data. The results indicate that the CFDbased model is effective. 

Abstract:The features of plant growth could be extracted from the experimental result s, and the morphological model of plant could be constructed with the parameter of accumulative growing degree day. Additionally, the digital growth model of pl ant could be performed using information reconstruction method such as informati on normalization and mapping process. The experiment results showed that the pro posed method was effective in dynamically simulating the plant growth under the interaction of environment. It could provide valuable evidences for real time ob taining and determining the proper conditions for plant development. 

Abstract:Ammonia (NH3) and other air pollution emissions from concentrated animal fee ding operations (CAFOs) are becoming more and more serious with the rapid develo pment of livestock and poultry production in recent years. The ammonia emission factor is one of the effective methods for estimating ammonia emissions from CAF Os and evaluating of emission reduction technologies. A continual monitoring sys tem of the NH3 concentration and environmental parameters is used in this rese arch, and the ammonia emission factors and impact factors of the three types of floor systems in the pig buildings are studied. Mean daily emissions per pig fat tened on the semislatted floor system, concrete floor system, and deeplitter system are (947±709), (1123±423), (427±209)g/(d?pig), respectively.

Abstract:An algorithm based on image processing to select cottonseeds was proposed. Fir stly, each position of cottonseed channels in the image was located before selec ting operation. And then, these cottonseeds were separated from the backgrounds by the difference between current image and first image, and the binary images o f cottonseeds were obtained. The number of red pixels of cottonseed regions in t he color image was calculating, and the red cottonseeds were determined. The bro ken seeds were judged by analyzing the binary image. Finally, the edge of cotton seed was extracted by differential calculus, and the exterior pixels were remove d to determine the crack seed. Experimental results indicated that the algorithm could judge the cottonseeds fast and accurately.

Abstract:A method for automatic segmentation of pork longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) r egion from ribeye image was developed using KFCM clustering and improved water shed algorithm. Firstly, median filter and OTSU were used to remove noise and ba c kground. And then, kernel fuzzy Cmeans clustering (KFCM) was applied to remove fat pixels. Finally, hole filling operation and improved watershed algorithm wer e employed to segment the area of MLD. Sixty samples were used to test the perfo rmance of the proposed method. The success rate of segmentation was 8667%. Com p ared with the traditional morphology and watershed methods, it is proved that th e developed method could segment MLD region perfectly and avoid undersegmentat ion effectively. 

Abstract:Friction is introduced into the modal parameter identification of the time varyi ng vibration systems. The modal characteristics of the vibration system are extr acted by using the time varying multivariable Prony method. A time varying multi variable Prony model is established for the multioutput response signals of th e vibration system and the parameters of the model are estimated by means of the recursive least square method. In the simulation，a signal with composite frequ ency is identified. The identified results meet the theoretical values well, whi ch verifies the effectiveness of the presented method. In the example, the motio n equation of the moving mass on the planar twobar manipulator is established, i n which the LuGre friction is considered. The natural frequency of the manipulat or subjected to stickslip friction is identified by using the time varying mult ivariable Prony method. The feasibility of the method is verified by the satisfy ing identification results. 

Abstract:Pulp browning seriously limits the dietary property and commercial value of plum fruit. In order to elucidate the browning mechanism of plum and to inhibit pulp browning, the effect of 1MCP treatment and different storage temperature on chilling injury browning, mechanical injury browning, PPO activity, total phe nols concentration and ethylene production of friar plum was studied. The result s indicated that, chilling injury browning of friar plum developed after 75 or 6 0 days of storage at (0±05)℃ or (3±05)℃, but never developed when fruits wer e stored at (7±05)℃, at which temperature, the storage period was short. Mor eo ver, mechanical injury browning developed in pulp near peel after two days of st orage at low temperature. Browning symptoms were efficiently reduced by 5μL/L 1MCP treatment for 12h when fruits were stored at (0±05)℃. However, w hen the storage temperature was (3±05)℃ or (7±05)℃, fruits treated with 1M CP showed more serious browning symptoms than untreated fruits. In any case, bot h two kinds of browning are related to PPO activity and total phenols concentrat ion. 

Abstract:Measuring the ground speed is important for a variable rate fertilizer machine. Since the working environment is hard, the reliability and antijamming capa bility of the ground speed collecting system is poor. A ground speed collecting system for a variable rate fertilizer machine is developed based on Bluetooth. A n ARM microprocessor is used to receive input signals from the ground speed sens or, a photoelectric encoder set on one of the wheels of the machine. and calcula te the working speed. And then the working speed signals are transformed into th e Bluetooth signal format, and transmitted to variable rate fertilizer controlle r by the KC111 adapters. The maximum error of the test is 292%. It shows that the developed system is practical.

Abstract:A flexible modular division method was proposed to the Reconfigurable Machine to ols （RMT）considered the influence of customer demand, the structurefunction and life cycle effect. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to weight the d ifferent influence factors and the interaction among the machine tool parts and the related matrix were obtained. The fuzzy clustering method was used to operat e the matrix. The control system was modular divided based on the specialty of R MT. The proposal for RMT modular division was obtained and could be used as the foundation of RMT developing.

Abstract:The 550kV high voltage circuit breaker with hydraulic operating mechanism is t aken as the investigation subject. The pressure loss in pipe and the pressure wa ve propagation in the process of opening and closing motion are analyzed. The mo del of the pressure loss in pipe and the model of the pressure wave distributed parameter are established. Simulation is carried out by using AMEsim software. The inf luence of the pipe characteristics and structure parameters on the system perfor mance is discussed. The simulation results are thought to be in accordance with the experiment results. It shows that the models are correct.

Abstract:To study the fluid character of axial piston pump, a mathematical model of flow condition in piston chamber was developed with compressibility of fluid oil. The model was further improved by analysis of movement model of piston, cross area of valve plate, throttle coefficient, flow loss inside pump, etc. Besides, the m odel of whole piston pump with its hydraulic system was developed with lamped pa rameter method. A simulation system was built by using Matlab based on the mathe mat ical pump model. A visual graphical user interface was established to automatica lly analyze the relation between pump geometric structure, working conditions, s ystem parameters and flow conditions of pump. The flow conditions of the pump we re tested by using pump flow ripple test rig. It is shown that the pressure puls ati on and flow ripple results calculated by the mathematical model agree well with the experimental results. The analytical error can be controlled within 5%. It c an be concluded that the developed mathematical model has high precision and can accurately predict the fluid character of axial piston pump.

Abstract:Wavelet modulus maximum method can be used to recognize the features and restrai n the noise. However, some important local features would disappear in the fines t scales when using this method to recognize the whole crosssection data. The concept of characteristic scale factor was proposed to find out the differences of the features contained in the crosssection data. When the characteristic sc ale factor was larger, the numbers of the decomposable scales would become more and more, and vice versa. The crosssection data can be divided into several se ctions to be recognized respectively when the features of the crosssection dat a differed considerably. And the feature points of each section would be integra ted finally. The experimental results show that the shapescale factor can refl ect the information contained in the signal well and guide features recognition. This recognition method can ensure the integrity of the feature numbers effecti vely. 

Abstract:In order to meet the requirements of numerical control system to control feeds peed in highspeed and highaccuracy machining, the conditions of direct trans iting under the adjacent path segments are determined, and the correcting proble m of turning speed is researched according to the transiting angle when the condi tions are not feasible. The dealing principle of acceleration/deceleration in on e segment is presented and the feedspeed is replaned under the basis of invar iableness length. The trouble of forecasting deceleration point and end point us ing the past methods is avoided. The result of practical computation indicates t h at the proposed method, relative to the method of turning speed ‘0’, enhances the machining efficiency(about 2% per segment) based on assuring accuracy and c ould be well applied to highspeed machining system.

Abstract:Microholes were made on the rake of the cemented carbide tools and MoS2 solid luMicroholes were made on the rake of the cemented carbide tools and MoS2 solid lu bricants were embedded into the microholes to form selflubricated tools (SLT〖CD*2〗1). Dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with the selflu bricated tool, the tool with microholes on the rake without solid lubricants (SLT〖CD*2〗2) and the conventional tool (SLT〖CD*2〗3). The variation of cutting tempe rature for 45# hardened steel cutting with the three cutting tools were tested by the TH5104 thermo tracer. The result shows that the cutting temperature of S LT〖CD*2〗1 selflubricated tool decreased obviously. It deceased 15%～20% than that of SLT〖CD*2〗3. And the cutting temperature of SLT〖CD*2〗2 decreased 5%～10% t han that of SLT〖CD*2〗3. Through the analysis of cutting temperature distribution, it was observed that the cutting temperature decreased and the raked face resistan ce was improved since selflubricating film on the rake face decreased the shea r stress and the contact length between chip and tool.

Abstract:An orthogonal experiment regression analysis and a response surface methodology are used to build the models to predict roughness of aluminum surface machined b y a micro turnmilling NC machine. The influence of milling parameters used in the experiment is analyzed by the two means, orthogonal analysis and RSM. The mi lling parameters include cutting speed, feed per tooth, and cutting depth. In co ntrast with the orthogonal analysis, the RSM is an optimization prediction model and has the higher precision in micromilling. The significance order of the p arameters in the prediction model is determined based on the result of the exper iment. The cutting speed has the most significant effect on surface roughness, a nd the second and the third significant parameters are feed per tooth and the cu tting depth respectively by the rounded analysis in the current experimental con dition. The RSM prediction model has higher fitting degree and practicability th an the orthogonal analysis method. The milling parameters can be chosen to control and improve the quality of the surface roughness based on the prediction model of RSM. 

Abstract:Steel 45 surface was treated as microtexture (groove patterns and concave pat terns) by using laser microtexturing technology. Friction and wear properties of the textured samples were examined by using an UMT〖CD*2〗2 wear tester in cam/roller simula tion work condition. As the results, the laser microtexturing surface was sign ificantly improved in the antiscuffing property and wear resistance compared w ith the conventional smooth surface. The textured surfaces with groove patterns had higher friction coefficients than the conventional smooth surfaces, while t he textured surfaces with concave patterns had lower friction coefficients than the conventional smooth surfaces. The results indicated that the groove patterns on the working surface increase friction and the cavity patterns on the working surface can reduce friction. It can be concluded that an optimal friction reduc tion effect of the textured surface can be obtained by choosing a suitable conca ve depth and the ratio of the projected area of the concaves with the total area of the working surface. 

Abstract:Different types of cutting tools were used to cut SiC whisker reinforced aluminu m composite. And then the 3D components of cutting forces Fc, Fp, and Ff were measured with a Kistler 3D dynamometer, and the microscopic pattern and profiles of the cutting edges and the machined s urfaces were examined with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that, compared with fixed circular cutters the selfpropelled rotary carbide to ols had superior wearresistance property similar to that of diamond tools. The tool life had increased more than 60 times with stable cutin and cutout and less oscillation in the cutting process. The machined surfaces showed high qual ity, gray metal shine of the aluminum matrix, smaller surface roughness, and les s broken SiC whiskers and pits. The 3D cutting force components F c, Fp, and Ff were reduced to some degree. The average radial th rust cutting force Fp had a significant reduction of 30%～60%. The selfp r opelled rotary carbide tools were thought to be one kind of tools with low cost and high cutting performance and a suitable tool in machining the composites rei nforced with SiC whiskers of moderate or lower volume fractions. 