2025年第1期

2025年第1期

2025年第1期共收录47篇

1. Advances in Multi-modal Fusion Techniques and Applications in Agricultural Field

Accession number: 20250517770424

Title of translation: 农业领域多模态融合技术方法与应用研究进展

Authors: Li, Daoliang (1, 2); Zhao, Ye (1, 2); Du, Zhuangzhuang (1, 2)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 1-15

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Multi-modal fusion technology, by combining data from multiple sources, has been widely applied in fields such as medicine, autonomous driving, and emotion recognition to overcome the limitations of a single modality. In recent years, advancements in sensor and remote sensing technologies have provided richer data sources for crop monitoring, including spectral data, image data, radar data, and thermal infrared data. By utilizing computer vision and data analysis methods, information such as phenotypic parameters and physicochemical characteristics of crops can be obtained, helping to assess crop growth and guide agricultural production management. Most existing studies were based on single-modal data, which involved only one type of input and lacked an understanding of the overall information, making them susceptible to noise from a single modality. Although some studies employed multi-modal fusion technology, they still did not fully consider the complex interactions between modalities. To thoroughly analyze the potential of multi-modal fusion technology in crop monitoring, the advanced technologies and methods of multi-modal fusion in the agricultural field were firstly outlined, with a focus on its application in crop identification, trait analysis, yield prediction, stress analysis, and pest and disease diagnosis. The existing challenges were also discussed and an outlook on future developments was provided, aiming to promote precision agriculture management and improve production efficiency through multi-modal fusion methods. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 91

Main heading: Diagnosis

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural fields - Agriculture management - Crop monitoring - Fusion applications - Fusion techniques - Fusion technology - Multi-modal fusion - Precision Agriculture - Precision agriculture management - Remote sensing technology

Classification code: 102.1

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

2. “Image - Text” Association Enhanced Multi-modal Swine Disease Knowledge Graph Fusion

Accession number: 20250517770425

Title of translation: 基于”图像 - 文本冶间关联增强的多模态猪病知识图谱融合方法

Authors: Jiang, Tingting (1, 2); Xu, Ao (1, 2); Wu, Feifei (1, 2); Yang, Shuai (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Gu, Lichuan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Aguricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei; 230036, China

Corresponding author: Gu, Lichuan(glc@ahau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 56-64

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Traditional swine disease prevention primarily relies on human expertise, which risks missed diagnoses due to human error. To address this challenge, a multi-modal swine disease knowledge graph was developed to assist managers in better understanding the connections between pigs, providing a solid data foundation for identifying potential disease transmission paths and anomalies. Firstly, the swine disease data from various sources were collected, and then two preliminary multi-modal knowledge graphs were constructed through knowledge extraction and image matching. Secondly, a multi-modal knowledge graph fusion method based on “image - text” association was proposed, using a multi-head attention mechanism to reduce the impact of visual ambiguity and enhance swine disease entity representation. Finally, by calculating the similarity of entity representations in vector space, entities from the two multi-modal datasets were integrated into a more comprehensive knowledge graph. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed method improved alignment accuracy, as reflected by a 0. 033 increase in Hits @ 1 compared with that of existing methods. Additional accuracy gains of 0. 152, 0. 236 and 0. 180 were observed on the DBPZH - EN, DBPFR - EN, and DBPJA - EN datasets respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness in multi-modal knowledge graph fusion. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Knowledge graph

Controlled terms: Disease control - Diseases - Image matching - Modal analysis - Vector spaces

Uncontrolled terms: Disease prevention - Entity alignment - Human errors - Human expertise - Image texts - Knowledge graphs - Multi-modal - Multi-modal fusion - Multi-modal knowledge graph - Swine disease

Classification code: 102.1.2 - 1106.2 - 1106.3.1 - 1201 - 1201.5

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

3. Oxidation of Pork Proteins and Lipids Induced by Fenton System and Its Effects on Quality

Accession number: 20250517770510

Title of translation: Fenton 体系氧化诱导下猪肉蛋白质与脂质氧化作用及其对品质的影响研究

Authors: Liu, Jiawen (1); Yang, Liu (1); Xie, Xinrui (2); Li, Baoguo (1); Wang, Xin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai; 200093, China; (2) Urumqi Technology College, Urumqi; 830000, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Xin(18918629281@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 453-462 and 473

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The Fenton oxidation system (FOS) was used to investigate the oxidation of protein and lipid in porcine Longissimus dorsi muscle at different oxidation levels (0 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, 5 mmol / L, 10 mmol / L and 20 mmol / L H2O2) and its correlation with quality indicators and volatile flavor compounds. The results showed that increasing trend of oxidation level significantly enhanced centrifugal loss, cooking loss, S23 (proportion of free water), L?, POV, TBARS, and carbonyl content. Meanwhile, initially increasing pattern was observed in a?, b?, hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, and surface hydrophobicity was decreased at the end of process, and S22(proportion of immobile water), sulfhydryl content, springiness, resilience, and cohesiveness showed a decreasing trend. Additionally, a significant change occurred in composition of typical volatile compounds, and the number of dimers (2-pentanone D and 2-butanone D), heterocyclic compounds (2,6-dimethyl pyrazine and pyridine), and acids (acetic acid) was increased. Correlation analysis revealed that change in meat quality was due to the cross-oxidation of lipids and proteins, while lipid oxidation and myofibrillar proteins further led to a reduction in water retention, color deterioration, flavor, and texture of the samples. This study is of great significance for further understanding the oxidation modification of raw meat during storage or processing, explaining the deterioration of meat quality, and selecting reasonable antioxidant measures. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 43

Main heading: Pyridine

Controlled terms: Carbonyl compounds - Lipids - Volatile organic compounds

Uncontrolled terms: Fenton oxidation system - Fenton’s oxidation - Lipidoxidation - Oxidation system - Oxidation Systems - Porcine longissimi dorsi muscle - Porcine longissimus dorsi - Protein oxidation - Quality - Volatile flavor compounds

Classification code: 804.1 Organic Compounds

Numerical data indexing: Molar concentration 0.00E00mol/m3, Molar concentration 1.00E+01mol/m3, Molar concentration 1.00E00mol/m3, Molar concentration 2.00E+01mol/m3, Molar concentration 5.00E+00mol/m3

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.043

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

4. Design and Experiment on Traversibility of Traveling Chassis of Crawler Self?propelled Tea Picker

Accession number: 20250417753090

Title of translation: 履带自走式采茶机行走底盘通过性设计与试验

Authors: Wu, Zhengmin (1, 2); Chen, Le (3); Wang, Yiyong (1, 2); Luo, Kun (4); Lai, Xiaojie (1, 2); Zhang, Xuechen (3); Cao, Chengmao (3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Hefei; 230036, China; (3) College of Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (4) College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongling University, Tongling; 244061, China

Corresponding author: Cao, Chengmao(caochengmao@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 474-483

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming to address the challenges of weak driving stability in complex tea garden environments for self-propelled tea-picking machines, a study was conducted on the traversing performance of the crawler chassis of such machines. Utilizing UGNX 12. 0, a three-dimensional virtual model of the entire vehicle mechanism was established, and multi-body dynamics simulations were performed using RecurDyn. These simulations demonstrated that the triangular crawler chassis designed can meet design requirements under both no-load and loaded conditions. Theoretical analyses were also conducted on the lateral and longitudinal stability of the tea-picking machine, as well as its obstacle-crossing capabilities. These analyses yielded solutions for the maximum climbing angle and obstacle-crossing height. Through the design of a wireless control system, Bluetooth APP communication was established to enable wireless control of the chassis. Based on this, a four-crawler, self-propelled, cross-row tea-picking machine was designed, capable of autonomous navigation in the field. Field tests were conducted on the traversing chassis of this machine, and the results indicated that when fully loaded, the tea-picking machine can climb angles up to 30° and cross obstacles with a maximum height of 340 mm, satisfying the current traversability requirements in tea gardens. This research can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design of autonomous track chassis in hilly and mountainous areas. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Magnetic levitation vehicles

Uncontrolled terms: Crawler self-propelled type - Driving stability - Obstacle crossings - Overcoming obstacles - Passing ability - Performance - Picking machines - Tea gardens - Tea picking machine - Wireless control

Classification code: 433 Rail Transportation

Numerical data indexing: Size 3.40E-01m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.045

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

5. Hydraulic Performance Improvement of Axial-flow Pump Based on Groove Structure Optimization

Accession number: 20250417745975

Title of translation: 基于沟槽结构优化的轴流泵水力性能提升研究

Authors: Mu, Tong (1); Xu, Hui (1, 2); Fei, Zhaodan (3); Feng, Jian’gang (1, 2); Ding, Zhe (1); Wang, Dongsheng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 211100, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) Institute of Water Science and Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing; 211100, China

Corresponding author: Fei, Zhaodan(feizdan@hhu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 321-331 and 355

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: When operating under low flow conditions, the hydraulic performance will be deteriorated due to the low inlet speed and the backflow near the wall, which will produce serious unit vibration and threaten the safe and stable operation of the pump station. The groove flow control technology for axial-flow pump is an effective method for enhancing its hydraulic performance. However, the influence of its structural parameters on hydraulic performance remains unclear. Numerical simulations were utilized to modify the groove structure by changing the important geometric parameters. The impact of single-factor and multi-factor variables of groove structure on the hydraulic performance in deep stall conditions was investigated, with optimization of groove structure parameters conducted by using the response surface methodology. Results indicated that among three parameters of groove tail distance, groove depth, and groove width, the most pronounced influence on both hydraulic performance and internal flow field of axial-flow pumps was exerted by the groove tail distance. The optimal combination for key geometric parameters of axial-flow pump grooves was as follows: h (groove depth) equaled 0. 022 times impeller diameter; W (groove width) equaled 0. 088 times impeller diameter; L2(groove tail distance) equaled 0. 106 times impeller diameter. These research findings provided valuable support for groove flow control technology in designing and operating axial-flow pump device. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Impellers

Controlled terms: Axial flow - Hydraulic machinery - Shape optimization - Structural analysis - Structural dynamics - Structural optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Axial flow pump - Flow control technologies - Groove depth - Groove flow control technology - Groove width - Hydraulic performance - Low flow condition - Optimization design - Pump-based - Structure optimization

Classification code: 1201.7 - 1401.2 - 301.1 - 408 Structural Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 609.2

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

6. Tomato Maturity Detection Method Based on Visual and Haptic Double Transfer Learning

Accession number: 20250417752891

Title of translation: 基于视觉触觉双重迁移学习的番茄成熟度检测方法

Authors: Zhang, Peng (1); Du, Dongfeng (1); Li, Shuang (1); Shan, Dongri (2); Chen, Zhenxue (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Automation Engineering, Qilu Technology University, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan; 250353, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu Technology University, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan; 250353, China; (3) College of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan; 250061, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 74-83

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that tomato ripeness cannot be accurately recognized by relying only on visual technology in the current automated picking process, a tomato ripeness detection method based on visual-haptic dual migration learning was proposed. The method firstly adopted the visual and haptic double transfer learning fusion algorithm as the feature extraction fusion module to solve the problem of not effectively extracting tomato feature information. Secondly, the soft parameter sharing multilabel classification method was used as the classification module to avoid overfitting by increasing the correlation between different classification tasks. Focusing on tomato varieties that ripened to a single color, such as red and yellow fruits, experimental studies on a newly developed visual and tactile dataset were conducted. The experiments showed that the parameter count of the soft parameter sharing multilabel detection model was 1. 882 × 107, and the ripeness AUC score reached 0. 977 3. Compared with the detection models of uncertainty weighted loss, adaptive hard parameter sharing, cross-stitch network, and soft parameter sharing, the parameter counts dropped by 3. 08 ×106, 6. 16 ×106, 3. 08 ×106, and 3. 08 × 106, and the ripeness AUC scores increased by 0. 017 5, 0. 017 9, 0. 026 7 and 0. 008 9, respectively. This indicated that the method improved the detection of tomato ripeness during automated picking to a certain extent and provided an effective solution to the tomato ripeness detection problem. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Machine vision

Controlled terms: Adversarial machine learning - Contrastive Learning - Mice (computer peripherals) - Transfer learning

Uncontrolled terms: Double transfer learning - Haptics - Machine haptic - Machine-vision - Multi-labels - Multilabel - Parameter sharing - Soft parameter sharing multilabel - Tomato maturity - Transfer learning

Classification code: 1101.2 - 1103.2 - 1106.8

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

7. Lettuce Phenotype Estimation Using Integrated RGB -Depth Image Synergy

Accession number: 20250417753081

Title of translation: 基于 RGB 与深度图像融合的生菜表型特征估算方法

Authors: Lu, Shenglian (1, 2); Li, Yiyang (1, 2); Li, Guo (1, 2); Jia, Xiaoze (1, 2); Ju, Qingqing (3, 4); Qian, Tingting (3, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin; 541004, China; (2) Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multisource Information Mining and Security, Guilin; 541004, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Science and Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai; 201403, China; (4) Shanghai Digital Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai; 201403, China

Corresponding author: Qian, Tingting(qiantingting@saas.sh.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 84-91 and 101

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Accurate measurement of phenotypic traits in plant growth using automated methods is crucial for applications such as breeding and cultivation. Aiming to address the need for non-destructive, precise detection of phenotypic traits in factory-grown lettuce, by integrating RGB images and depth images collected by depth cameras, an improved DeepLabv3 + model was used for image segmentation, and a dual-modal regression network estimated the phenotypic traits of lettuce. The backbone of the improved segmentation model was replaced from Xception to MobileViTv2 to enhance its global perception capabilities and performance. In the regression network, a convolutional multi-modal feature fusion module (CMMCM) was proposed to estimate the phenotypic traits of lettuce. Experimental results on a public dataset containing four lettuce varieties showed that the method estimated five phenotypic traits—fresh weight, dry weight, canopy diameter, leaf area, and plant height—with determination coefficients of 0. 922 2, 0. 931 4, 0. 862 0, 0. 935 9, and 0. 887 5, respectively. Compared with the RGB and depth image-based phenotypic parameter estimation benchmark ResNet 10 (Dual) without CMMCM and SE modules, the improved model increased the determination coefficients by 2. 54%, 2. 54%, 1. 48%, 2. 99%, and 4. 88%, respectively, with an image detection time of 44. 8 ms per image. This demonstrated that the method achieved high accuracy and real-time performance for non-destructive detection of lettuce phenotypic traits through dual-modal image fusion. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Lettuce

Controlled terms: Image enhancement - Image fusion - Image segmentation - Modal analysis - Regression analysis - RGB color model

Uncontrolled terms: Accurate measurement - Depth image - Determination coefficients - Measurements of - Modality Fusion - Phenotypic estimation - Phenotypic traits - Plant growth - RGB images - Segmentation models

Classification code: 1106.3.1 - 1201.5 - 1202.2 - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.80E+01%, Percentage 5.40E+01%, Percentage 8.80E+01%, Percentage 9.90E+01%, Time 8.00E-03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

8. Review of Research Progress on Agricultural UAV Spreading Devices and Technology

Accession number: 20250517770483

Title of translation: 农用无人机播撒装置与技术研究综述

Authors: Song, Cancan (1, 2); Wang, Guobin (1, 2); Han, Jin’gang (1, 3); Lan, Yubin (1, 3); Wang, Huizheng (1, 3); Zhao, Jing (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China; (2) Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China; (3) Sub-Center of National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticide Spraying Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China

Corresponding author: Lan, Yubin(ylan@sdut.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 110-122

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: With the rapid development of precision agriculture aviation, UAVs have been widely used in the field of agricultural particle spreading by virtue of their efficient and precise advantages. Aerial spreading device is the basis for realising UAV spreading, the key technology of aerial spreading is the key to improve the effect of UAV spreading, and the agronomic management supporting aerial spreading is the guarantee to ensure the quality of aerial seeding. First of all, the development history of UAV spreading technology was outlined, pointing out its importance in improving spreading efficiency, reducing labour and optimizing resource allocation. Existing UAV aerial spreading devices and their key technological research results were highlighted, including key component optimization, parameter preference and detection methods for particle mass flow. The applications of UAVs in various fields such as field seeding, variable fertilizer application, afforestation and grass planting and biological control were summarized. In conclusion, the challenges faced by UAV spreading technology in practical agricultural applications were analyzed, and future research was proposed as follows: continuing to strengthen the innovative design of the aerial spreading device, developing lightweight, modular and intelligent aerial seeding devices; doing research and development of large payload UAVs suitable for low-altitude spreading, improving operational performance and reducing operational costs; strengthening research on supporting agronomic technologies for UAV spreading and strengthening the process control and intelligent decision-making of aerial spreading. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 95

Main heading: Decision making

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots - Fertilizers - Precision agriculture - Research and development management - Seed

Uncontrolled terms: Aerial spreading - Agricultural UAV - Development history - Key technologies - Precision Agriculture - Research results - Resources allocation - Spreading device - Spreading efficiency - Technological researches

Classification code: 1502.1.1.3 - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901.3 Engineering Research - 912.2 Management

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

9. Interannual Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Optimal Management of Coastal Aquaculture Ponds in Jiangsu Province from 1986 to 2021

Accession number: 20250517770418

Title of translation: 1986—2021 年江苏省沿海养殖池塘年际时空特征分析与优化管理

Authors: Cai, Danfeng (1, 2); Wang, Huinan (2, 3); Tian, Peng (2, 3); Hu, Qiuguang (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China; (2) Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China; (3) Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China

Corresponding author: Hu, Qiuguang(huqiuguang@nbu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 410-423

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Coastal aquaculture ponds play a key role in ensuring food supply, providing high-quality protein, and promoting coastal socioeconomic development. However, the rapid expansion of aquaculture ponds poses huge challenges to the stability of regional ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the spatial and temporal monitoring and sustainable management of coastal aquaculture ponds, but currently there is a lack of long-term inter-annual spatial distribution data sets of aquaculture ponds. Based on long-term Landsat images from 1986 to 2021, the Google Earth Engine platform and ArcGIS software were used to generate 36 years of spatial distribution data of aquaculture ponds along the coast of Jiangsu Province, and its spatiotemporal change characteristics were explored. The results showed that the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of coastal breeding pond identification were both greater than 91% and 81%, and the classification results were accurate. Jiangsu Province coastal aquaculture ponds were growing rapidly, with an increase of 761. 75 km2 from 1986 to 2021, and were characterized by slow growth (1986—1996), rapid growth (1997—2001), fluctuating growth (2002—2005), rapid growth (2006—2013), volatility and decline (2014—2021). The spatial distribution was concentrated in Dafeng District, Sheyang County, Xiangshui County and Dongtai City of Yancheng City. Jiangsu Province coastal aquaculture ponds were spatially clustered in estuaries, ports and coastal plains, such as Linhong River Estuary, Guanhe River Estuary, Xinhuai River Estuary, Xinyang Port, Wanzhuang Port and Sichuan Port, and the spatial aggregation was enhanced. The expansion of coastal aquaculture ponds occurred mainly from 1995 to 2015, and the main sources of transfer were other construction lands, high-cover grasslands and tidal flats. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Aquaculture

Controlled terms: Estuaries - Lakes - Ponds - Rivers

Uncontrolled terms: Aquaculture ponds - Coastal aquaculture - Coastal aquaculture pond - Google earth engine - Google earths - Interannual - Jiangsu province - MNDWI index - Spatial patterns - Spatiotemporal characteristics

Classification code: 1502.2 - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 407.2 Waterways - 444.1 Surface Water - 821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Age 3.60E+01yr, Percentage 8.10E+01%, Percentage 9.10E+01%, Size 7.50E+04m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.039

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

10. Multi-scale Object Detection Method for Underwater Organisms under Unbalanced Samples Based on UMS YOLO v7

Accession number: 20250517770500

Title of translation: 基于 UMS YOLO v7 的面向样本不均衡的水下生物多尺度目标检测方法

Authors: Zhang, Minghua (1); Huang, Jiping (1); Song, Wei (1); Xiao, Qihua (1); Zhao, Danfeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Danfeng(dfzhao@shou.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 388-396 and 409

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In response to the challenges posed by significant variations in biological scales and the issue of sample imbalance in underwater object detection, a multi-scale object detection method for underwater organisms (UMS YOLO v7) was proposed. Firstly, a feature extraction module was designed, comprising switchable atrous convolutions. This module captured multi-scale target features across various receptive field sizes, ensuring a more comprehensive extraction of feature information. Secondly, a lightweight universal upsampling operator was employed to fuse contextual information, enhancing the model蒺s ability to learn features for objects. Finally, by combining two similarity metrics, Wise IoU and normalized Wasserstein distance, the localization accuracy of targets at different scales was improved, simultaneously mitigated the impact of uneven distribution of multi-scale samples on the model. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model significantly enhanced detection accuracy compared with other current models, with average accuracies of 64. 5% and 68. 9% on the RUOD and DUO datasets, respectively. Compared with the YOLO v7 model, UMS YOLO v7 improved multi-scale object detection accuracy, and precise detection of underwater organisms can also be achieved in complex underwater environments. On the DUO dataset, the average accuracy for large, medium, and small-scale objects was respectively increased by 8. 3 percentage points, 4. 8 percentage points, and 12. 5 percentage points, respectively, with the most notable improvement observed for small objects. In comparison with other existing models, the improved model exhibited higher detection accuracy, and it was better suited for underwater biological multi-scale object detection tasks. Additionally, it exhibited generalization, robustness, and adaptability for samples with different data distributions. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Invertebrates

Uncontrolled terms: Atrous convolution - Detection accuracy - Multi-scale object detection - Multi-scales - Objects detection - Similarity metrics - Underwater organism - Upsampling - Upsampling operator - YOLO v7

Classification code: 103

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 9.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

11. Optimization of Dimensional Parameters and Performance of Bionic Leg Capable of Omnidirectional Legged Locomotion

Accession number: 20250517770508

Title of translation: 全向运动仿生腿尺寸参数优化与试验

Authors: Xu, Yuze (1); Lu, Zhongyue (1); Zhu, Yiming (1); Luo, Zirong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha; 410073, China

Corresponding author: Luo, Zirong(luozirong@nudt.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 484-496

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: A leg mechanism with fixed and centralized drive, no corresponding rotational characteristics at the footand the same movement ability in all directions (OmnilLeg) was reported, in order to improve the performance of OmnilLeg, a multi-objective hierarchical optimization method was proposed to optimize its size parameters. The kinematic model and static model of the leg mechanism was built, six performance evaluation indexes were constructed, including limiting step length, limiting step height, two kinematic performance indexes (mean value of Jacobian matrix condition number, and fluctuation of kinematic performance), and two static performance indexes (ability of force transmission, and stability of force transmission) . The influence degree and law of the dimension parameters of the omnidirectional motion bionic leg on the six performance evaluation indexes was analyzed. Combined with Monte Carlo method, a multi-objective dimensional parameter optimization method was proposed to stratify the optimization objectives by taking the ultimate step length and the ultimate step height as the main indexes and the kinematic and static performances as the auxiliary indexes,and the dimensional parameters of the OmnilLeg were optimized. The kinematic properties and static properties of the OmnilLeg were analyzed, and it can be seen that the omnidirectional motion bionic leg possessed better kinematic and hydrostatic performances when the end workspace was in the region of - 0. 07 m≤(x, y) ≤0. 07 m, and 5°≤γ≤ 85°. A prototype of the OmniLeg was built based on the optimized dimensional parameters, a single-legged experimental platform was built, and the conclusions of the kinematic and static properties were verified by end-loading experiments. The research can provide a foundation for further research on the OmnilLeg. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Monte Carlo methods

Controlled terms: Biped locomotion - Jacobian matrices - Multiobjective optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Bionic leg - Bionic leg capable of omnidirectional legged locomotion - Dimensional parameters - Kinematics properties - Legged locomotion - Multi-objectives optimization - Optimisations - Optimization of dimensional parameter - Performance - Static properties

Classification code: 101.4 - 1201.2 - 1201.7 - 1202.2

Numerical data indexing: Size 7.00E+00m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.046

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

12. Calibration and Experiment of Discrete Element Model Parameters for Tea Stem

Accession number: 20250417745998

Title of translation: 茶茎秆离散元模型参数标定与试验

Authors: Du, Zhe (1); Li, Denghui (1); Li, Xinping (1); Jin, Xin (1, 2); Wu, Yongbin (1); Yu, Fan (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Science and Technology Innovation Center for Completed Set Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang; 471003, China; (3) Library, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China

Corresponding author: Li, Xinping(aaalxp@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 311-320

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In response to the ambiguous understanding of the interaction mechanism between mechanical components and tea stem with the imprecision of tea stem model in the harvesting process of famous tea, focusing on tea stem, a novel approach termed binding enhancement was proposed to establish a three? layer discrete element simulation model for tea stem. The maximum shear force was used as the evaluation index with the factors of the normal contact stiffness of the xylem -xylem, the tangential contact stiffness of the xylem -xylem, and the bonding radius. The Plackett Burman experimental design was used to select the significant influencing factors on the maximum shear force. The calibration range of significant parameters was narrowed down by the steepest climbing test, and the optimal combination of two models was further obtained through Box Behnken test and variance analysis. Subsequently, the calibrated parameters were utilized to construct comprehensive models for tensile and puncture simulations, which was systematically compared and analyzed against corresponding physical experiments. The results indicated that the xylem - xylem normal contact stiffness, xylem tangential contact stiffness and bond radius had a significantly effect on the mechanical properties of the stem. The optimal combination was determined to be 3. 447 × 1011 N / m3 , 3. 536 × 1011 N / m3 , and 4. 404 × 10 - 5 mm, respectively. The tensile and puncture verification experiments displayed relative errors not exceeding 3%, and the trend in stem force variation demonstrated substantial consistency. These results underscored the feasibility and accuracy of the calibrated and optimized parameters, thereby laying a solid theoretical foundation for numerical simulation studies pertaining to tea stem system. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Shear flow

Controlled terms: Design of experiments - Gluing

Uncontrolled terms: Discrete element models - Discrete elements method - Maximum shear forces - Mechanical - Normal contact stiffness - Optimal combination - Parameters calibrations - Property - Tangential contact stiffness - Tea stem

Classification code: 210 - 214 - 301.1.5 - 901.3 Engineering Research - 904

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00E+00%, Size 4.04E-01m, Surface tension 4.47E+13N/m, Surface tension 5.36E+13N/m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

13. Kinematic Analysis and Optimization Design of 2 - PRU - PRRPa Parallel Mechanism

Accession number: 20250517770456

Title of translation: 2 - PRU - PRRPa 并联机构运动学分析与性能优化

Authors: Zhang, Weizhong (1, 2); Feng, Shaojiang (3); Yuan, Xinhong (2); Sun, Peng (3); Yang, Chao (4); Lu, Yebo (4)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) School of Automation, Zhejiang Polytechnic University of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou; 310053, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310032, China; (4) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing; 314001, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Chao(yangchaox@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 497-506

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In view of the extensive research and application status of the two-rotation-one-translation three-DOF (degrees of freedom) parallel mechanism in five-axis hybrid machining equipment, and inspired by the excellent performance design of the commercial Exechon parallel manipulator, a 2 - PRU - PRRPa parallel manipulator with a parallelogram sub-loop structure in its branches was proposed. Firstly, using screw theory for the analysis of the DOF, it was determined that the mechanism possessed two rotational and one translational degrees of freedom. Secondly, based on the closed-loop vector method, the inverse kinematics analysis of the mechanism was carried out, establishing the mapping relationship between the input of the driving joint and the output of the moving platform’s end. Thirdly, considering the drive range and singular configurations, the workspace of the 2 - PRU - PRRPa parallel mechanism was computed by using a search method. Subsequently, by differentiating the kinematic equations of the parallel mechanism, the velocity equations were derived. Additionally, based on the velocity Jacobian matrix, the input, output, and mixture singular configurations of the manipulator were analyzed. Furthermore, the mechanism’s performance was evaluated based on motion / force transmission indices, resulting in a transmission performance distribution map. Aiming for an optimal transmission space, the 2 - PRU - PRRPa parallel manipulator was optimized by using spatial modeling methods. The kinematic analysis and performance optimization of the 2 - PRU - PRRPa parallel manipulator offered critical insights for the advancement of five-axis hybrid machining systems. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

Controlled terms: Cutting tools - Inverse kinematics - Inverse problems - Jacobian matrices - Machining centers - Manipulators

Uncontrolled terms: Dimensional synthesis - Five-axis - Hybrid machining - Kinematic Analysis - Kinematic optimization - Parallel manipulators - Parallel mechanisms - Performance - Performance optimize - Singular configurations

Classification code: 1201 - 1201.2 - 1301.1.1 - 603 Machine Tools - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.047

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

14. Design and Experiment of Spiral Toothed Stone Picking Machine Based on Archimedes Curve

Accession number: 20250417752763

Title of translation: 基于阿基米德曲线的螺旋拨齿式捡石机设计与试验

Authors: Zhang, Jia (1, 2); Du, Yakun (2); Ma, Xiaowen (1); Ma, Shaoteng (1, 2); Xiao, Ping (1); Zhang, Jiaxi (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi; 830023, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 290-300

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To enhance the efficiency and reduce the working resistance of stone picking operations, a novel Archimedes spiral-shaped rake stone picker was designed and evaluated, aiming to address the limitations of conventional stone pickers. A kinematic analysis of the digging teeth during stone picking and throwing operations was conducted to determine the optimal structural and operational parameters for key components, thereby ensuring efficient stone removal and minimizing energy consumption, which are crucial factors for optimizing the stone picker’s overall performance. To validate the reliability and performance of the stone picker, a three-factor, three-level response surface experiment based on Box Behnken design was employed to identify the optimal operating parameters that maximize stone picking efficiency and minimize operating torque. The digging teeth blade initial sliding angle, machine forward speed, and shaft rotation speed were selected as experimental factors, while stone cleaning efficiency and operating torque served as evaluation indicators. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface analysis were performed by using Design-Expert software to assess the influence of experimental factors and their interactions on the stone picker’s performance. Multi-objective optimization of the established linear regression model revealed that the optimal stone picking efficiency was achieved with a digging teeth blade initial sliding angle of 14. 73°, a machine forward speed of 0. 34 m / s, and a shaft rotation speed of 171. 89 r / min. Field validation tests conducted with the optimized parameters demonstrated an average stone cleaning efficiency of 90. 04%, meeting the requirements for efficient stone picking in agricultural fields. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Linear regression

Controlled terms: Metal cleaning - Shafts (machine components)

Uncontrolled terms: Archimede curve - Digging tooth - Forward speed - Kinematic Analysis - Performance - Picking efficiency - Picking machines - Shaft rotation - Sliding angle - Stone picking machine

Classification code: 1202.2 - 201.9 - 601.2 Machine Components

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 1.4863E+00rad/s, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Velocity 3.40E+01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

15. Classification Method of Feeding Intensity of Sea Bass Based on Self - Attention - DSC - CNN6 and Multi-modal Fusion

Accession number: 20250417745926

Title of translation: 基于音视频信息融合与 Self - Attention - DSC - CNN6 网络的鲈鱼摄食强度分类方法

Authors: Li, Daoliang (1, 2); Li, Wanchao (3); Du, Zhuangzhuang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300392, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 16-24

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Feeding intensity recognition and classification is an important link to realize accurate feeding in aquaculture. Existing feeding methods have problems such as over-reliance on manual experience judgment, imprecise feeding amount, and serious feed waste. Fish feeding degree classification based on multi-modal fusion can synthesize different types of data (e. g., video, sound, and water quality parameters) to provide a more comprehensive and accurate decision basis for fish feeding. Therefore, a multi-modal fusion framework that integrated video and audio data was proposed with the aim of improving the performance of sea bass feeding intensity classification. The preprocessed Mel Spectrogram (Mel) and video frame images were input into the self-attention-depthwise separable convolution CNN6 (Self - Attention - DSC - CNN6) optimization model for high-level feature extraction, respectively, and the extracted features were further spliced and fused, and finally the spliced features were classified by a classifier. The Self - Attention - DSC - CNN6 optimization model was improved based on the CNN6 algorithm by replacing the traditional convolutional layers with depthwise separable convolution (DSC) to reduce the computational complexity, and the Self - Attention mechanism was introduced to enhance the feature extraction capability. The experimental results showed that the multi-modal fusion framework proposed achieved an accuracy of 90. 24% in sea bass feeding intensity classification, and the model can effectively utilize the information from different data sources to improve the understanding of fish behavior in complex environments, enhance the decision-making ability of the model, and ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the feeding strategy, thus effectively reducing the waste of feed. This not only provided strong technical support for the intelligent management of aquaculture, but also laid the foundation for the development of intelligent feeding system. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Network security

Controlled terms: Data fusion - Image coding - Image understanding - Modal analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Classification methods - Classification of feeding intensity - Feeding amount - Multi-modal fusion - Optimization models - Over reliance - Sea bass - Self - attention - depthwise separable convolution - CNN6 - Video data - Water quality parameters

Classification code: 1106 - 1106.2 - 1106.3.1 - 1201.5

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.40E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

16. Design and Experiment of Rape Direct Seeding Straw Mulching Returning Device in Rice Stubble Field

Accession number: 20250417745928

Title of translation: 稻茬田油菜直播秸秆覆盖还田装置设计与试验

Authors: Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2); Qi, Tao (1); Yan, Huan (1); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Du, Wenbin (1); Cai, Jiashun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 186-196

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the rice-rapeseed rape rotation area of mid-lower Yangtze River, due to the heavy soil in this area, the amount of straw floating on the surface is large, and it is difficult to carry out the operation of straw mixed burial and deep burial by the direct seeding machine, and the machine is easy to block. A straw mulching and returning device was designed. The device can cooperate with the rape direct seeding machine to complete the operation procedures of straw returning, furrowing, stubble rotary tillage, soil crushing, fertilization and sowing, and realize partial straw cover returning. The operation parameters of the hydraulic system control device can be used to adjust the operation effect of partial straw mixed burial returning and the quality of straw covered on the box. The straw mulching and returning device was mainly composed of straw parts, straw cutting parts, straw lifting parts, straw conveying parts and hydraulic system. Through dynamic and kinematic analysis, the structure and operation parameters of the key components of the straw mulching and returning device were determined. In order to verify the operation effect of the device, a field experiment was carried out. The results showed that the working parts of the rape direct seeding straw mulching and returning device worked normally, and the unit operation passed smoothly. When the input amount of straw mulching was 1. 9 ~ 2. 7 kg / s, the uniformity of straw mulching on the box surface after the operation of the machine was good. When the amount of input straw reached 2. 7 kg / s, the uniformity of straw mulching can reach 90. 8% . The relevant research provided a reference for the design of straw mulching and returning device for direct seeding rape in rice stubble field. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Hydraulic control equipment

Uncontrolled terms: Deep burials - Direct-seeding - Field experiment - Hydraulic system - Lower yangtze rivers - Operation parameters - Rape direct seeding - Rice stubble field - Straw mulching - Straw mulching returning device

Classification code: 1401.2 - 732.1 Control Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Mass flow rate 7.00E+00kg/s, Percentage 8.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

17. Design and Test of Three-axis Automatic Rubber Tapping Device Based on Laser Profiling

Accession number: 20250417745943

Title of translation: 基于激光仿形的三轴式自动割胶装置设计与试验

Authors: Zhang, Xirui (1, 2); Chen, Xuanli (1); Zhang, Zhifu (1); Liu, Junxiao (1, 3); Zhou, Jie (4); Dong, Xuehu (5); Fu, Shaohua (2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (2) School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (3) Sanya Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya; 572000, China; (4) Ningbo ZCHW Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo; 315000, China; (5) Hainan Agricultural Machinery Appraisal and Extension Station, Haikou; 570206, China

Corresponding author: Fu, Shaohua(22120854000009@hainanu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 254-266

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming to solve the problems of high labor intensity and technical difficulty of rubber workers in the natural rubber industry,a three-axis automatic rubber tapping device was designed based on laser profiling. By analyzing the natural rubber tree circumference and manual rubber cutting trajectory within the natural rubber plantation,the structural parameters and algorithm procedures of the three-axis mobile mechanism were determined, and the tapping trajectory of the device was controlled by STM32 development board program. Pasting rubber tapping mechanism and profiling rotary mechanism were designed, and the module distance measurement values under three different tapping states were analyzed. The tree-sticking profiling tapping was completed by the rotation of the servos on the device. Taking rubber tapping angle, rubber tapping depth and the natural rubber tree circumference as test factors, and the qualified rate of rubber tapping depth and qualified rate of rubber tapping surface uniformity as test indexes, the indoor rubber tapping test was designed and carried out by Design-Expert software. the experimental results indicated that when the rubber tapping angle was 24 degrees and the tapping depth was 4. 96 mm, the device had excellent tapping effect on different rubber tree circumference. Among them, the rubber tapping effect was the best when the natural rubber tree circumference was 583 mm, with the qualified rate of rubber tapping depth of 91. 38% and the qualified rate of rubber tapping surface uniformity of 89. 73%, meeting the technical requirements of rubber tapping. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Rubber industry

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery - Forestry - Rubber factories - Rubber machinery - Rubber plantations - Rubber testing - Software testing - Tapping (threads)

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic rubber tapping device - Design and tests - Labour intensity - Laser profiling - Laser ranging - Rubber tree - Surface uniformity - Tapping angles - Three axes - Three-axis type

Classification code: 1106.9 - 212 - 212.1 - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.80E+01%, Percentage 7.30E+01%, Size 5.83E-01m, Size 9.60E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

18. Optimization Design and Testing of Under-actuated Tea Harvesting End-effector

Accession number: 20250517770426

Title of translation: 欠驱动式茶叶采摘末端执行器优化设计与试验

Authors: Lin, Guichao (1); Zheng, Xiaoxin (1); Zeng, Wenyong (1); He, Zijian (1); Li, Wangheng (1); Zhu, Lixue (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou; 510220, China

Corresponding author: Zhu, Lixue(zhulixue@zhku.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 133-140

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of low success rate of the end-effector of famous tea picking, an under-actuated end-effector was optimized. Taking Yinghong 9 as the object, the physical and mechanical properties of its buds were measured. The structure and working principle of the end-effector were analyzed. According to the geometric relationship of the rod length under the three working conditions of initial, shearing and post-throwing, several equations and inequality constraints were established. Taking the sum of the rod lengths as the objective function, the total rod length was shortened by 25. 33% by using the trust region optimization algorithm. The static analysis of the end effector showed that the shear force generated was 7. 0 N, which was greater than the ultimate shear force required to cut the stem. Single-factor tests were conducted on key variables, including clamping position, growth angle, and the presence of multiple leaves per bud. The results indicated that the picking success rate of the optimized end-effector was increased by 17. 47 percentage points to 25. 83 percentage points and 11. 67 percentage points to 13. 33 percentage points in the two single-factor experiments concerning clamping position and growth angle, respectively. The end-effector operated optimally with a clamping position ranged from 4 mm to 8 mm, a growth angle between 70 degrees and 90 degrees, and when the picking object was either a single bud or one bud with one leaf, achieving a success rate of 93. 30% to 95% and an average picking time of 0. 64 s, both of which were commendable. Following optimization, the success rate of picking operation of the end-effector was significantly enhanced, and the body shape was obviously reduced, providing a technological foundation for the efficient and intelligent mechanized harvesting of premium teas. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: End effectors

Controlled terms: Clamping devices - Convergence of numerical methods - Intelligent robots - Machine design - Shape optimization - Shearing

Uncontrolled terms: Clamping positions - Field test - Growth angles - Optimal design - Percentage points - Picking robot - Shear force - Tea picking robot - Under-actuated mechanism - Underactuated

Classification code: 101.6.1 - 1201.7 - 1201.9 - 601 Mechanical Design - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 605.2 Small Tools, Unpowered - 731.5 Robotics - 731.6 Robot Applications - 904

Numerical data indexing: Force 0.00E00N, Percentage 3.00E+01% to 9.50E+01%, Percentage 3.30E+01%, Size 4.00E-03m to 8.00E-03m, Time 6.40E+01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

19. Comprehensive Effects of Soil Amendments on Phosphorus in Typical Soil in Northeast China under Freeze-thaw Action

Accession number: 20250417759752

Title of translation: 冻融作用下土壤改良剂对东北典型土壤磷素的综合影响

Authors: Fu, Qiang (1); Wang, Ziyi (1); Li, Tianxiao (1); Hou, Renjie (1); He, Ze (2); Li, Xu (3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin; 150006, China; (3) Heilongjiang Institute of Water Conservancy Research, Harbin; 150080, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 434-444

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Global warming intensifies the change of freeze-thaw pattern in seasonal permafrost areas, and phosphorus (P) is the main limiting element of farmland ecosystem response to climate warming. Based on laboratory experiments, taking three typieal soils in Heilongjiang Provinee: blaek soil, chernozem and white clay as the research objeet, and using deeomposed straw (F) and biochar (B) as exogenous media, the freeze-thaw cycle test was carried out for a period of 50 times, aiming to evaluate the effeets of foreign soil amendments on phosphorus availability of three typieal soils in Heilongjiang Provinee under freeze-thaw cycles. The experimental results showed that the applieation of foreign media in the three types of soil signifieantly ehanged the physieal and chemical properties of the soil and increased the availability of soil phosphorus in different degrees during the freeze-thaw cycle. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the Olsen — P content of soil showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing and then increasing. In black soil, chernozem soil and white clay the treatments with the largest increases were F, F + B and F + B, respectively. Soil pH value, water content, freeze-thaw cycles and acid Phosphatase activity were important factors affecting soil Olsen - P content. According to the results of HEDLEY phosphorus Classification, the average content of F, F + B and F treated active phosphorus components was the highest in black soil, chernozem and white clay under freeze-thaw cycle. The content of stable P in different active P reservoirs was signifieantly higher than that of active P and moderately unstable P in the three soils. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the comprehensive utilization of crop straw. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 40

Main heading: Straw

Controlled terms: Climate change - Frozen soils - Soil testing - Thawing

Uncontrolled terms: Active phosphorus component - Black soil - Comprehensive effect - Freeze-thaw cycles - Heilongjiang - P contents - Phosphorus availability - Soil amendment - Straw derivative - Typical soils

Classification code: 1502.1.1.4.3 - 1502.1.2 - 302.2 - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.041

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

20. Design and Test of Symmetrical Structure Vegetable Grafting Robot for Single Plant

Accession number: 20250517770485

Title of translation: 对称式蔬菜单株自动嫁接机设计与试验

Authors: Wang, Jiasheng (1); Li, Yangpeng (1); Gao, Chunfeng (1); Wang, Dongwei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Dongwei(w88030661@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 141-150

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: A symmetrical structure automatic grafting robot for Solanaceae vegetables was designed according to the grafting process requirements of Solanaceae vegetables. Under the control of a PLC system, it can continuously and automatically achieve functions such as picking, conveying, cutting, docking of rootstock and scion seedlings, as well as cutting, clamping and fixing the grafting clamp. The key structural parameters and control process algorithms of each mechanism were determined, with a focus on designing the seedling picking and delivery mechanical arm, seedling clamping mechanical arm, rootstock cutting device, cutting and clamping device, and control system that make up the grafting robot. Pepper seedlings were selected as the grafting object and the performance tests on the prototype of an automatic vegetable grafting robot were carried out. The experimental results showed that the faster the execution speed was, the lower the grafting qualification rate was. The degree of influence, in descending order, was the docking time, clamping time, and seedling picking time. The main impact of grafting seedling damage rate was concentrated in the process of picking, delivering, and cutting seedlings. The faster the execution speed of this process was, the higher the grafting seedling damage rate would be. On the basis of optimizing the execution time of each link, single factor structural optimization experiments were conducted on the height of the main gripper finger and the inclination angle of the cutting edge in the rootstock cutting device, and the optimal parameters for the height of the main gripper finger and the inclination angle of the cutting edge were obtained as 13 mm and 25, respectively. The grafting efficiency of the optimized single plant vegetable automatic grafting machine was 300 plants / h, with damage rate of 2. 5% and grafting qualification rate of 94. 8%,which met the design requirements. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 23

Main heading: Grippers

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots - Clamping devices - Cutting - Structural dynamics - Structural optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Damage rate - Grafting clip cutting - Grafting robots - Mechanical arm - Mechanism design - Seedling picking automatically - Single plants - Solanaceae - Solanaceous vegetable - Symmetrical structure

Classification code: 1201.7 - 408 Structural Design - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 605.2 Small Tools, Unpowered - 731.5 Robotics - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 8.00E+00%, Size 1.30E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

21. Crop Leaf Grade and Disease Recognition Method Based on Backbone Information Sharing and Multi-receptive Field Feature Adaptive Fusion

Accession number: 20250517770486

Title of translation: 主干信息共享与多感受野特征自适应融合的作物叶片等级和病害识别方法

Authors: Luo, Yang (1); He, Zifen (2); Zhang, Yinhui (2); Chen, Guangchen (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Zhaotong Cigarette Factory of Hongta Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd., Zhaotong; 657000, China; (2) Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Yinhui(zhangyinhui@kust.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 377-387

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Rapid and accurate recognition of crop leaf grade and disease is integral to the advancement of intelligent equipment for promoting refined management of agricultural products. In response to the problems of low accuracy and high cost of crop leaf grade and disease recognition, a crop leaf grade and disease recognition network (CLGDRNet) was proposed based on backbone information sharing and multi-receptive field feature adaptive fusion. Firstly, CSPNet, GhostNet and ShuffleNet were utilized to build a feature extraction backbone, and the feature information extracted by CSPNet, GhostNet and ShuffleNet was shared to achieve the purpose of information complementarity. Secondly, a multi-receptive field feature adaptive fusion module (MRFA) was designed, and the different receptive field feature maps were adaptively weighted and fused to highlight the effective channel information while enhancing the local receptive fields. Finally, an efficient multi-scale attention mechanism with deep gradient cross-space learning (EMAD) was proposed, the EMAD was embedded in the neck to obtain the deep gradient information and the target coordinate information, in addition, the context information of different scales was fused across the space, which could generate more accurate pixel-level attention to the deep feature map. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of mAP@ 0. 5 and mAP@ 0. 5:0. 95 for tobacco leaf grading dataset (TLGD) achieved 85. 0% and 76. 1%, respectively, and 97. 6% and 74. 2% for apple leaf disease dataset (ALDD), respectively. Compared with a variety of advanced target detection algorithms, CLGDRNet achieved higher recognition accuracy and faster recognition speed, which could provide key technical support for high-precision fine recognition of crop leaves. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Uncontrolled terms: Crop leaf disease - Crop leaf grade - Crop leaves - Features fusions - Field features - Information sharing - Leaf disease - Multi-receptive field feature fusion - Objects detection - Receptive fields

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 0.00E00%, Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 2.00E+00%, Percentage 6.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

22. Optimization and Test of Ripe-picking and Green-leaving Harvesting Parameters for Winter Jujube Catch-and-shake Vibration Device under Facility Orchard

Accession number: 20250417745936

Title of translation: 抓摇式设施冬枣摘熟留青振动采收装置参数优化与试验

Authors: Zheng, Zhouzhou (1); Hu, Yaohua (2); Zhao, Pengfei (1); Dong, Jianxin (1); Huang, Yuxiang (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (3) Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Equipment, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Huang, Yuxiang(hyx@nwsuaf.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 245-253

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To achieve the ripe-picking and green-leaving harvesting of winter jujube, and considering the planting environment of facility jujube orchards, an adjustable-amplitude, variable-frequency test device with information sensing capabilities was designed to find the vibration harvesting parameters of winter jujube. The main factors affecting the shedding of jujube fruits under forced vibration were explored to obtain the maximum shedding rate of ripe fruits and the minimum shedding rate of green fruits. A fruit pendulum dynamics model was constructed to solve the model and determine that the main factors affecting fruit shedding were vibration frequency, vibration amplitude and vibration time. Then a shedding simulation test was carried out on a display push-pull meter to determine the shedding order of ripe fruits, green fruits and fruit stalks, which proved the feasibility of picking ripe fruits and leaving green ones. Finally, the mathematical model between the shedding rate and the harvesting parameters of the harvester was established. The harvesting parameters were optimized with the ripe fruit shedding rate and green fruit shedding rate as indicators, and the optimal parameter combination for picking ripe winter jujube and leaving green jujube was obtained as follows: the shedding rate of ripe fruit was 70. 08%, and the shedding rate of green fruit was 11. 97% when the vibration frequency was 12. 66 Hz, the vibration amplitude was 15. 02 mm, and the vibration time was 3. 98 s. The optimization results were verified by field tests, and the test results were close to the optimized values. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Fruits

Controlled terms: Orchards - Pendulums

Uncontrolled terms: Catch-and-shake vibration harvesting device - Facility jujube orchard - Green fruit - Harvesting devices - Harvesting parameters - Optimisations - Parameter optimization - Ripe-picking and green-leaving - Vibration frequency - Winter jujube

Classification code: 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 6.60E+01Hz, Percentage 8.00E+00%, Percentage 9.70E+01%, Size 2.00E-03m, Time 9.80E+01s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

23. Temperature Measurement Method for Commercially Farmed Layer Hens Based on Multi-source Image and Environmental Data Fusion

Accession number: 20250517770473

Title of translation: 基于多源图像和环境信息融合的规模化养殖蛋鸡体温测量方法

Authors: Song, Daoyi (1); Luo, Sheng (2); Zhu, Yuhua (1); Tong, Qin (3); Wang, Hongying (1); Wang, Liangju (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Jiangsu Agricultural Machinery Test and Appraisal Station, Nanjing; 210017, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Liangju(wangL@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 37-46

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Large-scale egg farming faces challenges in assessing the health status of laying hens and preventing disease outbreaks. The need for effective flock health monitoring in egg production is becoming increasingly important. As homeothermic animals, the body temperature of laying hens serves as a crucial indicator of their health. A method for measuring the body temperature of stacked cage laying hens was proposed by integrating multi-source information. To improve measurement accuracy, temperature drift correction and distance correction were applied to the thermal infrared camera. The thermal infrared images were then pixel-level aligned with the acquired near-infrared and depth images. These fused multi-source images were used to detect the heads of the laying hens through the YOLO v8n detection network, achieving detection results of 97. 0% for AP50 and 76. 1% for AP50 - 95. Temperature drift and distance corrections were performed on the thermal infrared images of the hens’ heads, using ambient temperature and distance information. Temperature feature points were then extracted from the corrected images to calculate the head temperature of the laying hens. A prediction dataset was constructed based on environmental factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, light intensity, and the hens’ head temperature. Various machine learning algorithms were used to predict the body temperature, with the random forest algorithm showing the best performance, achieving an R2 of 0. 696 and an RMSE of 0. 246℃. The research result can provide a reference for achieving accurate, high-throughput, and noninvasive measurement of body temperature in large-scale egg farms. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Infrared devices

Controlled terms: Random forests - Temperature indicating cameras - Thermography (imaging)

Uncontrolled terms: Body temperature - Drift correction - Large-scale farming - Large-scales - Layer hen - Laying hens - Multi-source images - Temperature drifts - Thermal infrared imaging - YOLO v8n

Classification code: 1101.2 - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 742.2 Photographic and Video Equipment - 746 Imaging Techniques - 942.1.11

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 0.00E00%, Percentage 1.00E00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

24. Inverse Optimization Algorithm for Vertical Load of Non-road Tire Based on In-tire Circumferential Strain

Accession number: 20250417759688

Title of translation: 基于胎内周向应变的非道路轮胎垂向载荷反演优化算法研究

Authors: Wang, Yadong (1); Song, Yindong (2); Wang, Yanmin (3); Zhang, Jian (4); He, Zhizhu (1); Li, Zhen (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Modern Agricultural Equipment Co.,Ltd., Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Shijiazhuang Zlumgxing Machinery Manufacture Co.,Ltd., Shijiazhuang; 051530, China; (4) Technology Center, Guizhou Tyre Co.,Ltd., Guiyang; 550201, China

Corresponding author: Li, Zhen(zlienli@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 463-473

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Non-road tires have typical characteristios such as large struotural size, harsh and changeable working conditions, and obvious load fluctuations. Its vertical load signifioantly affeots the longitudinal, vertical and lateral dynamie characteristios of the vehicle. Aiming at the problem of difficulty in obtaining the vertical load of non-road tires and the insufficient accuracy of traditional physical model deductions, a vertical load inversion algorithm was proposed based on strain Information and machine learning technology. Taking the R - 1 herringbone pattern non-road tire as the research object, a tire strain information collection System consisting of a large-range flexible strain sensor, low-power data collection and wireless transmission module was designed. Using parameters such as tire pressure, speed, load as variables, a variety of typical working condition tests were carried out on the drum test bench, and the strain change pattern of the tire contact point was analyzed. On this basis, a deep neural network model for tire-oriented vertical load estimates was built. The algorithm parameter optimization was carried out based on the AdamW optimizer and grid search method. The test results showed that the deep neural network model based on AdamW optimizer showed a high aeeuracy on the prediction of the non-road tire vertical load prediction. Under the trial conditions, the maximum average relative error was redueed from 4. 10% to 0. 30%. Test results for the generalization eapacity of models showed that the average naturalization of deep neural network models was redueed by 55.91% compared with the SVR model, and the generalization Performance was superior. Studies showed that the deep neural network model proposed based on the AdamW optimizer had aecurate reaction to the non-road tire vertical load. This method provided the basis for the acquisition of reliable key parameters of tire mechanics for the dynamic control System of non-road vehicles. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Deep neural networks

Controlled terms: Network security - Road vehicles - Roadbuilding machinery - Tires - Vehicle-to-grid

Uncontrolled terms: Circumferential strain - Condition - Intelligent tires - Load estimation - Machine-learning - Neural network model - Non-road - Non-road tire - Optimizers - Vertical load

Classification code: 1101.2.1 - 1106 - 212.3 - 405.1 Construction Equipment - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 664 Automotive Engineering, General - 706.1 Electric Power Systems

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00E+01% to 0.00E00%, Percentage 3.00E+01%, Percentage 5.591E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.044

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

25. Evaluation of Taste Quality of Dianhong Congou Black Tea Based on Fusion of Electronic Tongue and Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Accession number: 20250517770413

Title of translation: 基于电子舌与近红外光谱融合的滇红工夫红茶滋味品质评价

Authors: Ren, Guangxin (1); Gao, Yumin (1); Zhang, Yuru (1); Wei, Zhichen (1); Ning, Jingming (2); Zhang, Zhengzhu (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Anhui Province Brewing Industry Microbial Resources Development and Application Engineering Research Center, Huainan Normal University, Huainan; 232038, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (3) Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei; 230001, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Zhengzhu(zzz@ahau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 102-109

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Tea taste is one of the key indicators for evaluating the quality of tea, as well as a key factor in tea grading and market pricing. A multimodal fusion technique based on electronic tongue and near-infrared spectroscopy was proposed for the rapid assessment of the taste quality of different grades of Dianhong Congou black tea samples. The taste feature data obtained by ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was utilized to build a rank prediction model by support vector machine (SVM). Using the sample spectra collected by the near-infrared spectrometer as features, a rank discrimination model was established using feature selection methods such as particle swarm algorithm, gray wolf optimization algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, and ACO, as well as classification algorithms such as extreme learning machine, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and SVM. The results showed that an effective fusion discrimination model for Dianhong Congou black tea quality grades was established by using multimodal fusion technology for the summed feature fusion of electronic tongue taste features and spectral features. The discriminative accuracy of SVM models based on fused data was higher compared with the predictive performance of single feature data models. The results showed that the correct discrimination rate of SVM best prediction model based on fused data was 94. 42% . It can be seen that the fusion of feature data can reflect the intrinsic attributes of the samples to be tested more comprehensively, and the fusion technique based on the electronic tongue and near-infrared spectroscopy had a good development prospect for evaluating the quality of Dianhong Congou black tea. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Near infrared spectroscopy

Controlled terms: Ant colony optimization - Failure analysis - Feature Selection - Image retrieval - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Photomapping - Simulated annealing - Support vector machines

Uncontrolled terms: Black tea - Congou black tea - Feature data - Fusion techniques - Infrared: spectroscopy - Multi-modal fusion - Near Infrared - Near-infrared - Support vectors machine - Taste quality

Classification code: 1101.2 - 1106 - 1106.3.1 - 1201.7 - 1301.1.3.1 - 201.7.1 - 214.1 - 405.3 Surveying - 742.1 Photography

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.20E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

26. Detection of Dead Broilers Based on Fusion of Color and Thermal Infrared Image Information

Accession number: 20250417760202

Title of translation: 基于彩色与热红外图像信息融合的肉鸡死鸡识别方法

Authors: Hao, Hongyun (1); Jiang, Wei (1); Luo, Sheng (2); Sun, Xianfa (3); Wang, Liangju (1); Wang, Hongying (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Jiangsu Agricultural Machinery Testing and Appraisal Station, Nanjing; 210017, China; (3) Shandong Minhe Aninuil Husbandry Co., Ltd., Yantai; 264000, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Hongying(hongyingw@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 47-55 and 64

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of dead broiler deteotion in large-scale broiler farms, based on color images and thermal infrared images, two-stage and one-stage dead broiler detection methods for broilers were proposed, respectively. In the two-stage method, the YOLO vll - seg network was firstly used to segment broilers in color images to obtain broiler mask coordinates; then individual broiler thermal infrared images were extracted and classified by using the YOLO v8 — cls Classification network. In the one-stage method, G-channel replacement fusion images, weighted fusion images, wavelet transform fusion images, and frequency domain transform fusion images were constructed based on color images and registered thermal infrared images. Multi-source fusion image datasets were used to build a dead broiler detection model based on the YOLO vlls object detection network. The results showed that in the two-stage dead broiler detection method, the mAP of broiler instance segmentation was 94. 2%, and the Classification accuracy of individual broiler thermal infrared images was 99. 4%. In the one-stage dead broiler detection method, the model built based on wavelet transform fusion images achieved the highest detection accuracy, with mAP of 93. 0%. Compared with the two-stage method, the one-stage detection method had a higher precision rate of 92. 3% on the public test set, faster inference speed (6. 1 ms/f), and easier to be deployed. Analysis of the temperature distribution of individual broiler thermal infrared images indicated that there were significant differences in body surface temperature distribution between low-age and high-age broilers. The dead broiler deteetion method proposed can aeeurately identify dead broilers in the harsh imaging environment under high-density breeding, and it can provide a technical referenee for the death deteetion of other livestock and poultry. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Wavelet transforms

Controlled terms: Color image processing - Color photography - Computerized tomography - Image analysis - Image enhancement - Image fusion - Image registration - Image segmentation - Infrared devices - Scales (weighing instruments) - Thermography (imaging)

Uncontrolled terms: Colour image - Dead broiler - Detection methods - Fusion image - Image information - Images registration - Thermal infrared images - Two-stage methods - Wavelets transform - YOLO vll

Classification code: 1106.3.1 - 1201.3 - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 742.1 Photography - 746 Imaging Techniques - 942.1.7

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 0.00E00%, Percentage 2.00E+00%, Percentage 3.00E+00%, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Time 1.00E-03s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

27. Sunflower LAI Inversion Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Data and Machine Learning

Accession number: 20250517770517

Title of translation: 基于无人机遥感数据和机器学习的向日葵 LAI 反演

Authors: Yu, Hailin (1, 2); Lan, Yubin (1, 2); Li, Jingqian (1, 2); Yanga, Lei (1, 2); Cui, Wenhao (1, 2); Zhao, Junsheng (3); Gong, Huihui (3); Zhao, Jing (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China; (2) International Research Center of Precision Agriculture Aviation Application Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China; (3) Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan; 250131, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Jing(zbceozj@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 356-365

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To quickly and accurately ascertain the leaf area index (LAI) of breeding sunflowers, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing data were collected at the budding, flowering, and maturation phases of the sunflowers by utilizing a multispectral camera and DJI L1 LiDAR lens. The analysis included the computation of nine multispectral vegetation indices and eight categories of texture features, alongside the extraction of eight LiDAR feature parameters. By applying the Pearson correlation coefficient method, four vegetation indices, three texture categories, and four LiDAR features, which exhibited a high correlation with LAI, were identified for further analysis. The study employed machine learning algorithms, namely K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and category boosting (CatBoost), to develop models for estimating the LAI of sunflowers. These models were based on singular and combined inputs of vegetation indices, texture features, and LiDAR feature parameters. The accuracy of these models was evaluated by using the full terms coefficient of determination (R2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) . The model that showcased the highest accuracy, utilizing the CatBoost algorithm in conjunction with a combination of vegetation indices, texture features, and LiDAR feature parameters, was selected for inverse estimation of LAI in breeding sunflowers and subsequent visualization. The findings demonstrated that this combined approach yielded the best model for LAI estimation across all three stages of sunflower growth, with coefficient of determination values of 0. 93, 0. 91 and 0. 90, and root mean square error values of 0. 13, 0. 14 and 0. 15, respectively. The research result can lay the groundwork for enhanced sunflower breeding and precise field management by leveraging advanced remote sensing and machine learning technologies. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 52

Main heading: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Controlled terms: Adaptive boosting - Agricultural robots - Inverse problems - Nearest neighbor search - Random forests

Uncontrolled terms: Aerial vehicle - Feature combination - Inversion - Leaf Area Index - Machine-learning - Remote-sensing - Sunflower - Texture features - Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing - Vegetation index

Classification code: 1101.2 - 1106 - 1201 - 1201.7 - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

28. Design and Experiment of Spade Tooth Film Lifting Device for Residual Film Recycling Machine

Accession number: 20250417745918

Title of translation: 残膜回收机铲齿式起膜装置设计与试验

Authors: Jiang, Yongxin (1, 2); Qu, Heng (1); Liu, Xuanfeng (2); Zhang, Haichun (2); Zhou, Xin (2); Zhang, Li (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Xuanfeng(52695694@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 282-289

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low life span of the pick-up device of the residual film recycling machine and film leakage in the process of operation, a spade tooth film lifting device was designed to improve the residual film recovery rate and operational efficiency. The structure and arrangement of the teeth were designed, and the mechanical analysis and calculation of the teeth were carried out to determine the factors affecting the film pick-up device. Using EDEM software to carry out discrete element simulation on the edge film teeth, the operating model of edge film teeth soil was established, the angle of the edge film teeth into the soil was selected, the shape of the edge film teeth shovel blade was taken as the test factors, and the combined force on the edge film teeth and the amount of abrasion were taken as the evaluation indexes, and two-factor and three-level simulation test was adopted. The test results showed that when the angle of the edge film teeth into the soil was 35 ?, the shape of the edge film teeth shovel blade was SP2, the operational performance was better, the combined force was 228. 83 N, the wear amount was 2. 81 mm, the better combination of the analysis of the soil deflection situation, that the soil surface was hump-shaped can effectively lift the soil, through the ANSYS structural static module coupled with the EDEM to get the maximum stress of the edge film teeth. The maximum stress was 48. 513 MPa and the maximum deformation was 0. 416 mm,simulation results showed that the structural design and operation of the tines met the design requirements. The field test results showed that the average film lifting rate of the shovel tooth film lifting device was 94. 2%, and the results can provide a reference for the design of film lifting device of the residual film recycling machine. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Shovels

Controlled terms: Pickups - Soil testing - Structural dynamics

Uncontrolled terms: Combined forces - Discrete elements - Film lifting device - Lifespans - Lifting devices - Maximum stress - Residual film recycling machine - Residual films - Spade tooth type - Tooth type

Classification code: 1502.1.1.4.3 - 408 Structural Design - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 605.2 Small Tools, Unpowered - 752 Sound Devices, Equipment and Systems

Numerical data indexing: Force 8.30E+01N, Percentage 2.00E+00%, Pressure 5.13E+08Pa, Size 4.16E-01m, Size 8.10E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

29. Classification Methods for Soft-yolk and Hard-yolk Preserved Eggs Based on Multimodal Information Fusion

Accession number: 20250517770518

Title of translation: 基于多模态信息融合的皮蛋溏心沙心分类方法

Authors: Tang, Wenquan (1); Wang, Qiaohua (1, 2); Zhang, Hao (1); Yang, Zheng (1); Fan, Wei (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) National Egg Processing Technology Research and Development Branch Center, Wuhan; 430070, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Qiaohua(wqh@mail.hzau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 92-101

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The soft-yolk preserved eggs (SYP eggs) and hard-yolk preserved eggs (HYP eggs) each possess distinct textures and flavors, captivating their respective discerning consumers. Presently, artisans can only discern whether an egg is a soft-yolk or hard-yolk preserved egg based on the duration of the brining process, a method that not only demands their extensive expertise but also entails a high rate of misjudgment. To address this issue, the design of infrared imaging and visible/ near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition devices was introduced, alongside a classification model for SYP eggs and HYP eggs. Utilizing gathered infrared image data, an enhanced model, ResNet _ MLCA, was crafted by incorporating a mixed local channel attention (MLCA) module into the ResNet18 framework, achieving a noteworthy classification accuracy of 95. 0% in distinguishing SYP eggs from HYP eggs. Furthermore, leveraging visible/ near-infrared spectroscopy data, a one-dimensional residual module was designed, and through its stacking, the 1D_ResNet model for feature extraction and classification of visible/ near-infrared spectroscopy data was developed, yielding an identical accuracy of 95. 0% in discriminating SYP eggs from HYP eggs. In a bid to further augment detection accuracy, the infrared image features extracted by the ResNet_MLCA model and the visible/ near-infrared spectroscopy features extracted by the 1D_ResNet were amalgamated. The resultant fusion model, ResNet _ OP, achieved an outstanding classification accuracy of 98. 3% in distinguishing SYP eggs from HYP eggs. In summary, this research can offer a novel, cost-effective, and high-precision classification model for SYP eggs and HYP eggs, which held significant implications for guiding preserved egg production and enhancing its quality. Additionally, the proposed method offered a theoretical reference for enhancing the performance of classification models for other agricultural products, aiming to further increase their accuracy and reduce the number of parameters in the fusion model. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 45

Main heading: Infrared devices

Controlled terms: Brining - Cutting tools - Data fusion - Near infrared spectroscopy - Thermography (imaging)

Uncontrolled terms: Classification accuracy - Classification methods - Classification models - Fusion model - High rate - Multimodal information fusion - Preserved egg - Soft-yolk and hard-yolk - Spectroscopy data - Visible-near infrared spectroscopy

Classification code: 1106.2 - 1301.1.3.1 - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 746 Imaging Techniques - 822.2 Food Processing Operations

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 0.00E00%, Percentage 3.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

30. Forest Biomass Estimation Based on Multi-source Data and Abundance Information Fusion

Accession number: 20250517770515

Title of translation: 基于多源数据与丰度信息融合的森林生物量估算研究

Authors: Lin, Jiewen (1, 2); Chen, Jian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang; 110016, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Jian(jchen@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 65-73

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Forests are essential in maintaining carbon balance, and accurate detection of forest biomass plays a crucial role in promoting environmental improvement and related policy formulation. The comprehensive analysis of multi-source data and abundance information was explored to achieve forest biomass inversion. Firstly, MOPSOSCD was used to obtain the endmember bundle of the study area, and the abundance information of each group of tree endmembers was obtained. Totally 46 indicators, including single band factor, vegetation index, terrain factor, texture feature, etc., were extracted from Landsat 8 OLI and ASTGTM DEM to test the model fitting effect before and after fusion abundance through biomass inversion experiments using multiple linear regression and BP neural network models. It was found that when using the multiple linear regression model, among the seven optimized models extracted for abundance, two groups had better RMSE than the multiple linear regression model without added abundance, and seven groups had better R2 than the multiple linear regression model without added abundance. The RMSE and R2 before optimization were 41. 09 mg / hm2 and 0. 40, and the optimal RMSE and R2 were 38. 66 mg / hm2 and 0. 44, respectively. When using the BP neural network model, all BP models with added abundance showed an improvement in RMSE, with six groups having better R2 than those without added abundance. The RMSE and R2 before optimization were 32. 73 mg / hm2 and 0. 56, and the optimal RMSE and R2 were 32. 07 mg / hm2 and 0. 57, respectively. The BP neural network model with added abundance had the best inversion effect. The MOPSOCCD algorithm was used to extract the abundance corresponding to the endmember bundle, and abundance was used as the inversion factor for biomass inversion. The experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of abundance in improving biomass inversion accuracy. Meanwhile, the higher the accuracy of extracting endmembers was, the better the corresponding model biomass inversion effect was. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Multiple linear regression

Controlled terms: Abiotic - Anthropogenic - Biotic - Data fusion - Forest ecology

Uncontrolled terms: Endmember bundle - Endmembers - Forest biomass - Inversion - Mixed pixel - Mixed pixel unmixing - Multi-source data fusion - Multi-Sources - Pixel unmixing - Source data

Classification code: 1106.2 - 1202 - 1502.1 - 1502.2 - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Numerical data indexing: Mass 6.60E-05kg, Mass 7.00E-06kg, Mass 7.30E-05kg, Mass 9.00E-06kg

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

31. Design and Experiment of Friction Adjustable Precision Seed Feeder Device for Wheat Experimental Sowing

Accession number: 20250417745981

Title of translation: 摩擦调节式小区小麦精密排种器设计与试验

Authors: Xie, Jianhua (1, 2); Zhang, Hongliang (1); Feng, Hao (1); Huang, Weirong (1); Jin, Jiaoyang (1); Ma, Weibin (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Urumqi; 830052, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 164-173

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Aiming at the high missing seed rate problem in the current hole-type wheel precision seed feeder, a friction adjustable precision seeder was designed for experimental sowing of wheat. Through the stress analysis of single seed seeding process, it was determined that the seed groove angle β of the seeding device was greater than 17. 7?. Discrete element simulations were employed to identify the structural dimensions of key components in the seeder and to determine the optimal rotational speed range for the friction plate (with a seed furrow angle β of 30? and a hole wheel friction angle γ of 14?, the missing seed rate was the lowest when the friction plate speed was ranged from 20 r / min to 28 r / min) . Through force analysis, simulation analysis and actual operation, the size range of the key structure of the seed feeder was determined. The three factors and three levels of regression response surface tests were carried out with the friction plate speed, hole wheel speed and pick gap as the main working parameters, and the pass rate of grain spacing, the leakage rate and the replay rate as evaluation indexes. The effects of each working parameter on the test indexes were analyzed by establishing the regression equation and the response surface mathematical model. Through parameter optimization, the optimal working parameters were found to be a hole wheel rotational speed of 6 r / min, a friction plate rotational speed of 24 r / min, and the distance between the baffle and the mold hole was 3. 1 mm. Validation tests on this experimental combination yielded a particle spacing qualification rate of 89. 13%, a missing sowing rate of 4. 83%, and a reseeding rate of 6. 04% . The experimental results deviated from the predicted values by approximately 1 percentage points, meeting the operational requirements for precise and minimal wheat planting. The research findings can provide technical support for the development of precision seeders for wheat experimental sowing. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Experimental sowing - Friction plate - Hole-type wheel - On demands - Rotational speed - Seed feeder - Single seed on-demand seeding - Single seeds - Wheat - Working parameters

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 1.002E-01rad/s, Angular velocity 3.34E-01rad/s to 4.676E-01rad/s, Angular velocity 4.008E-01rad/s, Percentage 1.30E+01%, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Percentage 8.30E+01%, Size 1.00E-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

32. Modeling and Experiment on Variation of Time Utilization Rate of Rice Transplanters with Pond Parameters

Accession number: 20250417745948

Title of translation: 水稻插秧机组时间利用率随格田参数变化关系模型建立与试验

Authors: Qiao, Jinyou (1, 2); Su, Hongxue (1, 2); Xu, Yuhang (1, 2); Zheng, Daming (1); Sun, Jian (1, 2); Li, Wenhua (3); Chen, Haitao (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Innovation Center of Main Crop Production Mechanization and Materializaion Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Department of Science and Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin; 150001, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Haitao(htchen@neau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 221-233

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Mechanized transplanting is an important operation of rice production. Studying quantitative variation of transplanter technical parameter with pond parameters can not only improve transplanter operation efficiency, but also provide theoretical basis for determining suitable pond parameters for different transplanters and selecting appropriate transplanter for different pond scales. Based on transplanters operating mechanism and surveying results, transplanter operating modes and paths of transplanters were clarified. Mathematical model for transplanter time utilization rates varied with pond parameters under two seedling adding modes were established according to calculation models for pure operation time, seedling and fertilizer adding time, turning time, and other time parameters. The method of multi-point synchronous tracking measurement was adopted to obtain various time items of five typical transplanters. Based on the established models and tested time items, data sets of time utilization rates of five transplanters operating under two operation modes were calculated by using Matlab 2020a program, and then time utilization rate variations were analyzed with different scopes of pond length and area. Coupling relationships between pond length and area suitable for each transplanter at three different time utilization rates were determined as further conclusions. The results showed that seeding adding times was the key reason why transplanter time utilization rate fluctuantly changed with pond length and area. Pond length and area suitable for transplanters coupling varied inversely when time utilization rate equaled to 0. 45 and 0. 5, and distributed significantly in multiple regions and multi-segmented lengths when time utilization rate equaled to 0. 55. The eigenvalues of pond parameters suitable for each transplanter at different time utilization rates were determined. The research results improved the theory of agricultural machinery units and provided theoretical and technical support for selecting suitable transplanter based on different pond parameters. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: MATLAB

Controlled terms: Agricultural robots - Couplings - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Fertilizers - Parameter estimation

Uncontrolled terms: Adding time - Coupling relationships - Modelling and experiments - Operating mechanism - Operation efficiencies - Pond parameter - Rice production - Rice transplanter - Time utilization rate - Utilization rates

Classification code: 1106.5 - 1201 - 1201.1 - 1201.5 - 1202 - 1502.1.1.3 - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 821.3 Agricultural Methods

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

33. Yield Estimation of Winter Wheat Based on Multi?temporal Parameters by UAV Remote Sensing

Accession number: 20250417745946

Title of translation: 融合无人机多时相参数的冬小麦单产估测方法

Authors: Ge, Yan (1, 2); Zhu, Zhichang (2); Zang, Jingrong (3); Zhang, Ruinan (3); Jin, Shichao (4); Xu, Huanliang (2); Zhai, Zhaoyu (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (3) College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (4) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China

Corresponding author: Zhai, Zhaoyu(zhaoyu.zhai@njau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 344-355

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To comprehensively assess the potential of integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and multi?temporal parameters fusion in predicting winter wheat yield in the past, the RGB and multi?spectral data from UAVs spanning seven critical growth stages of winter wheat were collected. From these data, spectral and morphological parameters were directly extracted. Five machine learning algorithms were then employed to compare and evaluate the yield prediction performance at each individual growth stage. Subsequently, an in?depth analysis was conducted, based on the identified optimal parameter combinations, to examine the relationships between various growth stages and the accuracy of yield predictions. The results revealed that both individual growth stages and their combinations significantly impacted the prediction of winter wheat yield. Among the single growth stages, the filling and flowering stages achieved the highest prediction accuracy, followed by the heading, booting, maturity, jointing, and tillering stages. When considering multiple growth stages, the prediction accuracy was progressively increased from dual?stage to tri?stage and quad?stage combinations. However, balancing the marginal gains in accuracy against factors such as data acquisition and processing costs, as well as computational resources, the tri?stage combination of “jointing + heading + filling” emerged as the most cost?effective solution. In terms of the five machine learning algorithms employed, the overall prediction accuracy ranked from the highest to the lowest was as follows: BPNN, RF, SVM, XGBoost, and SMR. Notably, while the optimal combinations of spectral and morphological parameters identified through the SHAP method varied across growth stages, they consistently enhanced the yield prediction accuracy for all stages excepted the jointing stage. The research result can provide valuable methodological insights and technical references for the precise prediction of winter wheat yield per unit area in the past. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 52

Main heading: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Controlled terms: Network security - Spatio-temporal data

Uncontrolled terms: Aerial vehicle - Machine-learning - Multi-temporal - Multi?temporal parameter - Per unit - Prediction of yield per unit area - Remote-sensing - SHAP - Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing - Winter wheat

Classification code: 1106 - 1106.4 - 652.1 Aircraft, General

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

34. Design and Test of Horizontal Disc Maize Precision Seed Metering Device on Hilly Land

Accession number: 20250417745956

Title of translation: 丘坡地水平圆盘式玉米精量排种器设计与试验

Authors: He, Xiantao (1, 2); Qi, Haojun (1); Zhang, Dongxing (1, 2); Yang, Li (1, 2); Cui, Tao (1, 2); Zhang, Kailiang (1, 2); Sang, Xingchao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil Machine Plant System Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Li(yangli@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 151-163

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In order to improve the quality of the seed metering device under the condition of high slope and incline, a horizontal disc maize precision seed metering device for hilly land was designed. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the performance of the horizontal disc seed metering device, the inclined holes with different end surfaces and the ring-shaped shell which divided into regions were designed, the key structural parameters were determined. The double-sided seed filling slopes of the disc were designed to improve the fluidity and seed filling performance of the seed group. With the small end surface diameter of the hole, the seed guide slope angle, and the rotation speed of the seed disc as the test factors, the qualified index, the missing index and the multiple index as the evaluation indexes, the quadratic orthogonal rotary regression combination test was carried out and the parameters were optimized. The results showed that when the small end surface diameter was 11. 25 mm, the seed guide slope angle was 57. 43°, and the rotation speed of the seed disc was 10. 56 r / min, the qualified index was 94. 77%, the missing index was 1. 47%, and the multiple index was 3. 86%, which met the requirements of precision seeding. Under the optimized parameters, the performance test of the seed metering device under the inclined condition was carried out (the inclination directions were forward, backward, left and right, and the inclination angles were 6°, 12° and 18°) . The results showed that compared with the disc without a filling slope, the disc with a double filling slopes no matter the inclination angle directions or angles were changed (0° ~ 18°), the qualified index of the seed metering device was greater than 93%, and the missing index was less than 4%, and the difference was small. The seed metering device can provide references for the development and application of maize planter in hilly and mountainous areas. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Disks (machine components)

Controlled terms: Disks (structural components) - Guides (mechanical)

Uncontrolled terms: Condition - Hilly lands - Horizontal disk seed metering device - Maize - Performance - Precision seed-metering devices - Precision seeding - Seed filling - Seed-metering device - Slope angles

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 9.352E-01rad/s, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Percentage 4.70E+01%, Percentage 7.70E+01%, Percentage 8.60E+01%, Percentage 9.30E+01%, Size 2.50E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

35. Analysis of Spatial?temporal Evolution and Meteorological Driving Factors of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in Kubuqi Desert

Accession number: 20250417752948

Title of translation: 库布其沙漠植被净初级生产力时空演变规律及其气象驱动因素分析

Authors: Chen, Haorui (1, 2); Jing, Sisi (3, 4); Ye, Sumeng (3, 4); Dai, Tianjin (3, 4); Wu, Lipeng (1, 2); Miao, Ping (5); Ma, Hongli (5); Wu, Yuxiao (3, 4); Chen, Junying (3, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Institute of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling; 712100, China; (5) Ordos River and Lake Protection Center, Ordos; 017000, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 424-433

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To explore the spatio-temporal evolution patterns and meteorological driving factors of net primary productivity (NPP) in the Kubuqi Desert, MOD17A3HGF NPP data from 2001 to 2023 were used. Methods, including trend analysis, stability analysis, correlation analysis, and importance analysis were applied to examine the spatial and temporal variations in annual average NPP and its relationship with influencing factors such as potential evapotranspiration, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and wind speed. The results showed that the annual average NPP of the Kubuqi Desert from 2001 to 2023 was 108. 60 g / (m2.a), ranging from 75. 69 g / (m2.a) to 134. 97 g / (m2.a), with an overall upward trend showing fluctuations. Spatially, vegetation NPP was primarily distributed in the northwestern part of Huhe Mud Town, the northern part of Jirigalangtu Town, and the northeastern and southern parts of Duguittara Town. The vegetation NPP of the Kubuqi Desert generally exhibited a highly significant increasing trend, with considerable stability fluctuations and significant spatial variability. Future trend analysis suggested that 73. 58% of vegetation NPP may exhibit an anti-persistent trend, indicating potential future changes opposite to current trends. The positive correlation between vegetation NPP and temperature and precipitation accounted for 90. 56% and 98. 07% of total pixels, respectively. The NPP of vegetation had the highest negative correlation with wind speed and relative humidity, reaching 60. 57% and 75. 57% . Potential evapotranspiration and precipitation were identified as the main factors influencing changes in NPP in the Kubuqi Desert. The research result can provide a scientific basis for the management and sustainable development of desert ecosystems. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 41

Main heading: Evapotranspiration

Controlled terms: Precipitation (meteorology)

Uncontrolled terms: Annual average - Correlation coefficient - Driving factors - Kubuqi desert - Meteorological driving factor - Net primary productivity - Spatial temporals - Spatial-temporal variation - Temporal variation - Trend analysis

Classification code: 1502.3 - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources

Numerical data indexing: Mass 6.00E-02kg, Mass 6.90E-02kg, Mass 9.70E-02kg, Percentage 5.60E+01%, Percentage 5.70E+01%, Percentage 5.80E+01%, Percentage 7.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.040

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

36. Design and Experiment of Dynamic Compensation Adaptive Straw Removal Device for Corn No鄄till Seeder

Accession number: 20250417745920

Title of translation: 玉米免耕播种机动力补偿自适应清秸装置设计与试验

Authors: Zhang, Yinping (1); Hao, Zehua (1); Xu, Ting (1); Diao, Peisong (1); Zhou, Hua (1); Mei, Wenkai (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China; (2) Shandong Guofeng Machinery Co., Ltd., Jining; 272100, China

Corresponding author: Zhou, Hua(zhouhua688@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 174-185

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Corn no-till seeding in the wheat stubble field of Huang Huai Hai double-cropping area was facilitated the problems of large amount of straw covered, poor quality cutting and difficult stubble treatment. However, the performance of removing stubble by traditional corn no-tillage planter was limited, results in easy congestion in high-speed operation and high energy consumption. A dynamic compensation adaptive straw removal device was designed. By analyzing the influence of front tilt angle, installation angle, working speed and rotating speed of the cleaning tray on the cleaning effect, the value range of the structure parameters and motion parameters of the straw removal device were determined. With the operation speed, rotation speed and installation angle as test factors, and the removal rate and power consumption as test indexes, the operation of the straw removal device under different parameters was simulated and compared by using EDEM discrete element simulation software, and the influence rule of each parameter on the performance of the straw removal device was determined. Meanwhile, a dynamic compensation adaptive control system combining passive and active straw clearing was designed and field experiments were carried out. The results showed that when congestion occurred, the dynamic compensation in the straw removal device was carried out and the device entered the active stubble clearing mode automatically. While the straw removal device was dived by electric machine and the congestion of straw removal device could be solved in time. When the operation speed was 12 km / h, the installation angle of the two straw tray was 67. 5毅, the rotation speed of the straw tray was 130 r / min, and the depth of straw insertion was 55 mm, the average straw removal rate was 88. 93% and the maximum was 91. 33% . However, the power dissipation was lower 43. 50% than that of the completely active straw removal mode and the operation width met the requirement of no-tillage sowing. The research result can provide an idea for the design of high speed corn no-till planter in Huang Huai Hai double-cropping area. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 39

Uncontrolled terms: Adaptive Control - Discrete elements - Double cropping - Dynamics compensation - Installation angle - No-till - No-till seeder - Performance - Straw clearing rate of seedbed - Straw removal device

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 2.171E+00rad/s, Percentage 3.30E+01%, Percentage 5.00E+01%, Percentage 9.30E+01%, Size 1.20E+04m, Size 5.50E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

37. Multi鄄scenario Prescription Recommendations for Crop Diseases Based on Multi鄄modal Data of Electronic Medical Records

Accession number: 20250417745979

Title of translation: 基于电子病历多模态数据的作物病害多元场景处方推荐方法研究

Authors: Zhang, Lingxian (1); Ding, Junqi (1); Chen, Feifei (1); Li, Yibin (1); Zhang, Yiding (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Yiding(zhangyiding117@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 25-36 and 46

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Considering challenges such as diverse crop varieties, complex disease types, significant sample data imbalance, varied prescription categories, and multi-modal data, prescription recommendation methods tailored to diverse, extensible, and multi-modal application scenarios were explored by using multi-modal EMR data. To accommodate the varying prescription preferences of agricultural producers, a diversified crop disease prescription recommendation model based on CdsBERT RCNN and diagnostic reasoning was developed, improving diagnostic accuracy and prescription diversity for 32 common diseases. For untrained rare diseases and newly added prescriptions, an extensible crop disease prescription recommendation model based on MC SEM and semantic retrieval was developed, enhancing semantic matching accuracy and case library retrieval speed, and providing prescription recommendations for untrained diseases. For multimodal information collection and input, a multi-modal crop disease prescription recommendation model based on BATNet multi-layer feature fusion was developed, enhancing prescription recommendation performance for multimodal data inputs. Results demonstrated that CdsBERT RCNN achieved an 85. 65% diagnostic accuracy and an F1 score of 85. 63% across the 32 common diseases. In tests with varying input completeness levels, the model achieved 81. 19% accuracy with symptom information alone, and the inclusion of environmental and crop information improved accuracy by 1. 65 percentage points and 3. 61 percentage points, respectively. MC SEM achieved a Pearson correlation coefficient of 86. 34% and a Spearman correlation coefficient of 77. 67% for EMR semantic matching tasks; and achieved accuracy of 88. 20% and 82. 04% in the closed-set and open-set prescription recommendation tests, respectively, demonstrating its capability to expand to untrained diseases. BATNet achieved an accuracy and F1 score of 98. 88% and 98. 83%, respectively, for multi-modal input prescription recommendation tasks. Application scenario analysis and testing validated the model’s generalization capability for incomplete modalities (pure text or pure image) and incomplete information input (crop, environment, symptoms). The research result would provide an idea for digitally enabled crop disease control decision-making. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Semantics

Controlled terms: Diagnosis - Disease control - Diseases - Natural language processing systems - Recommender systems

Uncontrolled terms: Crop disease - Electronic medical record - Language processing - Medical record - Multi-modal - Multi-modal fusion - Natural language processing - Natural languages - Prescription recommendation for crop disease - Semantic retrieval

Classification code: 102.1 - 102.1.2 - 1101 - 1106.2 - 1106.5 - 1106.7 - 903.2 Information Dissemination

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.90E+01%, Percentage 2.00E+01%, Percentage 3.40E+01%, Percentage 4.00E+00%, Percentage 6.30E+01%, Percentage 6.50E+01%, Percentage 6.70E+01%, Percentage 8.30E+01%, Percentage 8.80E+01%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

38. Design and Test on Intelligent Equipment of Intensive Layered Aerobic Composting

Accession number: 20250417752377

Title of translation: 集约化层式好氧发酵智能装备设计与试验

Authors: Yao, Yumei (1, 2); Zhang, Qifeng (1, 2); Zeng, Qingzhen (1, 2); Qi, Zicheng (1, 2); Xu, Jiannan (3); Xu, Xiaoqing (3); Zhu, Hongan (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Ji’nan; 250100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Ji’nan; 250100, China; (3) Shandong Shengjiachong Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Weifang; 261100, China

Corresponding author: Qi, Zicheng(qizcheng@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 445-452

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The technology of intensive aerobic composting is an important approach to more efficiently, green, and environmentally solve the problem of agricultural waste pollution. It has attracted widespread attention from researchers, companies, and governments. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly intelligent equipment of layer aerobic composting was presented, including a fermentation tank, automatic distributing system, uniform flipping system, aeration system, discharge displacement system, and control system. The key system and the whole system of intelligent equipment were optimized. One of the most critical related studies was measuring the reliability of uniform flipping systems. It was the foundation for studying flipped material dropping applications. The fermentation tank was a layered box and the effective volume of the tank greater than was 136. 51 m3. The automatic distributing system located at the top of the box was selected by the chain scraper structure. The uniform flipping system was an eccentric flipping structure with a daily flipping capacity. Aeration systems can provide accurate aeration and single-layer independent aeration with a frequency control fan. The discharge displacement system selected a chain scraper and belt conveyor to realize material displacement. The control system was developed that achieved multi-point temperature, humidity, pressure, aeration, gas real-time monitoring, and multivariate feedback control. On this foundation, a 4-day composting test was conducted using chicken manure, cattle manure biogas residue, and rice husk as feedstock. The changes in key parameters of the composting process and the relevant indexes of fermentation production were detected. The results of the property test from intelligent equipment showed that the compost pile temperature reached 50℃ at 28 h, and the maximum temperature of the compost pile reached 70. 36℃ . The water content of the fermentation product was decreased to 34. 35% . The composting test results were good, which had a high intelligence level. In conclusion, various requests for compost tests can be satisfied by intensive aerobic fermentation treatment of multiple organic wastes. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Belt conveyors

Controlled terms: Bioremediation - Chain conveyors - Chains - Composting - Effluent treatment - Feedback control - Land fill - Robustness (control systems) - Self adjusting control systems - Tanks (containers) - Water aeration

Uncontrolled terms: Aeration system - Aerobic composting - Compost pile - Composting reactors - Design and tests - Energy-savings - Intelligent equipment - Layered composting reactor - Organic wastes - Waste pollution

Classification code: 1501.3 - 1502.1 - 1502.4 - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451 Air Pollution - 451.4 - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 610.2 - 692.1 Conveyors - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.50E+01%, Size 5.10E+01m, Time 1.008E+05s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.042

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

39. Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern in Poyang Lake Urban Agglomeration

Accession number: 20250417759675

Title of translation: 环鄱阳湖城市群生态安全格局构建与优化

Authors: Chen, Zhu’an (1, 2); Tan, Puxu (1, 3); Zheng, Xiping (1, 4); Chen, Yasi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China; (2) Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Process and Information, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China; (4) Nanchang Key Laboratory of Landscape Process and Territorial Spatial Ecological Restoration, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 397-409

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Taking the Poyang Lake urban agglomeration as an example, combined ecosystem Services, cireuit theory models, and eomplex network models to establish a researeh framework for ecological security patterns based on the “ ecological security pattern - topological features - ecological protection patches” approach. Firstly, the InVEST model was used to calculate the ecosystem service values from 2000 to 2020 and to identify ecological source areas. Then, based on the cireuit theory model, an ecological security pattern was construeted. Finally, the eomplex network model was employed to analyze the topological features of the network strueture. The ecological network for 2020 was optimized by edge addition, and ecological protection patches were identified. The results showed that the overall ecological security pattern of the study area in the three phases showed a high north, low south distribution, with the ecological security level gradually declining over time. From 2000 to 2020, both the importance and clustering degree of the ecological network nodes were decreased, weakening the interconnections between ecological nodes and resulting in a decline in the overall quality of the ecological network. By applying a “low-degree-first” strategy for edge addition optimization to the 2020 eoological network, the network’s robustness was improved. This optimization enhanced both the struotural stability and distribution balance of the network, alleviating the north-south imbalanee in eoological quality within the study area. The results indicated that from a eomprehensive, multi-angle perspective, effectively utilizing existing eoological patoh resouroes in conjunction with optimization measures for eoological corridors can signifioantly improve the stability of the eoological security pattern. Additionally, the eoological importanoe of the Poyang Lake area was prominent, playing a crucial role in enhancing eoological Connectivity between the northern and southern regions of the study area. It was identified as a key region for future eoological protection and restoration efforts. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Ecosystems

Controlled terms: Economic and social effects - Electric network analysis - Energy efficiency - Network theory (graphs)

Uncontrolled terms: Circuit theoretical model - Ecological security - Eoological protection patch - Eoological security pattern - Oomplex network - Poyang Lake - Poyang lake urban agglomeration - Security patterns - Theoretical modeling - Urban agglomerations

Classification code: 1009 - 1201.8 - 1502.2 - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 971 Social Sciences

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

40. Calibration of Parameters for Sodic Saline-alkali Soil Discrete Element Model Based on Yield Resistance

Accession number: 20250417745913

Title of translation: 基于屈服阻力的苏打盐碱土离散元模型参数标定

Authors: Wang, Yuxing (1, 2); Wang, Xiaoyan (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); Wu, Zhengyang (1, 2); Gao, Shijie (1, 2); Liu, Di (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, North Hebei, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Xiaoyan(xywang@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 301-310 and 365

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: As one of the three major saline-alkali regions worldwide, the Songnen Plain is characterized by heavy soda saline-alkali soil. When designing and optimizing agricultural implements for this unique soil type, it is essential to consider soil tillage resistance. The discrete element method (DEM) has become a crucial tool for optimizing tillage machinery due to its precision and efficiency in predicting soil tillage resistance. A DEM model specific to soda saline-alkali soil and performs parameter calibration was established, laying the foundation for the development of equipment for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil. The Hertz Mindlin with Bonding V2 model was selected as the DEM simulation framework. Intrinsic parameters for soil and implements were derived from the literature, while an inclined plane test was used to determine contact parameters between soil particles and between soil and implements. Further, the optimal Bond parameters were identified through cone penetration and uniaxial compression tests, combined with central composite design (CCD). Finally, field tests validated the accuracy of the calibrated parameters. Results showed that the yield resistance of soil in cone penetration and uniaxial compression tests was 153. 3 N and 331. 4 N, respectively, while tillage resistance of the furrow opener at depth of 40 cm was 11 907. 5 N. The optimal Bond parameter combination was determined to be normal stiffness per unit area Kn = 3. 68 × 107 N / m3, tangential stiffness per unit area Ks = 2. 97 × 107 N / m3, normal stress σ = 197 374 Pa, and tangential stress 子 = 96 285. 5 Pa. By comparing the predicted and actual resistance values from cone penetration tests, uniaxial compression tests, and field tests, discrepancies of - 0. 95%, 0. 78% and - 8. 61% were observed, respectively. The reliability of the DEM model was confirmed, demonstrating its proficiency in accurately predicting the tillage resistance of sodic saline-alkali soils. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Compression testing

Controlled terms: Agricultural implements - Agricultural robots - Compaction - Fertilizers - Soil testing

Uncontrolled terms: Cone penetration - Cone penetration tests - Discrete elements method - Method model - Parameters calibrations - Saline-alkali soils - Sodic saline-alkali soil - Soil tillage - Uni-axial compression tests - Yield resistance

Classification code: 1502.1.1.3 - 1502.1.1.4.3 - 215.1.2 - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.4 Manufacturing

Numerical data indexing: Force 3.00E+00N, Force 4.00E+00N, Force 5.00E+00N, Percentage 6.10E+01%, Percentage 7.80E+01%, Percentage 9.50E+01%, Pressure 3.74E+02Pa, Size 4.00E-01m, Surface tension 6.80E+08N/m, Surface tension 9.70E+08N/m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

41. Autonomous Navigation Method of Greenhouse Mobile Robot Based on Laser SLAM and AprilTag

Accession number: 20250517770466

Title of translation: 基于激光 SLAM 和 AprilTag 融合的温室移动机器人自主导航方法

Authors: Zhang, Wenxiang (1, 2); Lu, Xinyu (1, 2); Zhang, Bingyuan (1, 2); Gong, Yu (1, 2); Ren, Ni (1, 2); Zhang, Meina (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Changjiang Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Meina(zmnll22@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 123-132

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: To enhance the precision and effectiveness of autonomous navigation for mobile robots in a greenhouse environment, a localization and autonomous navigation method was proposed by fusing laser simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and AprilTag visual fiducial system. A mobile robot platform for greenhouse was developed based on multi-dimensional LiDAR, high-definition industrial cameras, and edge computing devices. Firstly, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of map building, Gmapping algorithm was used to construct a two-dimension grid map by taking two-dimension LiDAR point cloud processed by three-dimension LiDAR point cloud and the odometer data obtained by RF2O algorithm as inputs. Then AprilTag positioning correction method was proposed to solve the positioning loss problem of the mobile robot for the environmental characteristics of narrow, symmetrical, and repetitive facility cultivation ridges. Finally, a combination of Dijkstra algorithm and dynamic window approach (DWA) algorithm was used to plan the global and local navigation paths. The positioning accuracy of mobile robot was evaluated based on a three-dimensional motion capture system in laboratory. The experimental results showed that at speeds of 0. 4 m / s, 0. 3 m / s and 0. 2 m / s, the average longitudinal positioning error of the mobile robot was no more than 0. 066 m, and the standard deviation was no more than 0. 049 m. The average lateral positioning error was no more than 0. 117 m, and the standard deviation was no more than 0. 092 m. Autonomous navigation performance evaluation tests of mobile robot were carried out in a greenhouse environment. The experimental results showed that at speeds of 0. 4 m / s, 0. 3 m / s and 0. 2 m / s, the average lateral deviation between the actual driving trajectory of the mobile robot and the expected trajectory was no more than 0. 050 m, the standard deviation was no more than 0. 032 m, and the average heading deviation was no more than 2. 2°, the standard deviation was no more than 1. 4°. The positioning and navigation accuracy of mobile robots can meet the continuous and stable operation requirements in greenhouse. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 43

Main heading: Motion planning

Controlled terms: Image coding - Industrial robots - Mobile robots - Motion capture - Photomapping - Robot programming - SLAM robotics

Uncontrolled terms: Autonomous navigation - Greenhouse environment - Multi-sensor fusion - Navigation methods - Point-clouds - Positioning accuracy - Positioning correction - Simultaneous localization and mapping - Standard deviation - Two-dimensions

Classification code: 1101 - 1106.1 - 1106.3.1 - 405.3 Surveying - 731.5 Robotics - 731.6 Robot Applications - 742.1 Photography

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.17E+02m, Size 3.20E+01m, Size 4.90E+01m, Size 5.00E+01m, Size 6.60E+01m, Size 9.20E+01m, Velocity 2.00E+00m/s, Velocity 3.00E+00m/s, Velocity 4.00E+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

42. Optimization Design and Experiment of Vertical Rotary Harrow for Mulberry Plantation

Accession number: 20250417745949

Title of translation: 桑园立式旋转动力耙优化设计与试验

Authors: Yang, Qinglu (1, 2); Lü, Zhengwen (1); Yan, Yinfa (1, 3); Yang, Shuo (1); Li, Fade (1, 4); Song, Zhanhua (1, 5); Chen, Yujun (6)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Production Technology and Equipment for Facility Horticulture, Taian; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Equipment Intelligentization, Taian; 271018, China; (4) National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Production Machinery and Equipment, Taian; 271018, China; (5) Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang; 330046, China; (6) Weifang Hailin Machinery Co., Ltd., Weifang; 261021, China

Corresponding author: Song, Zhanhua(songzh6688@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 210-220

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: The cultivation and land preparation work in mulberry plantations is the important foundation for improving mulberry leaf yield. Based on the mulberry planting mode and the requirements of cultivation and land preparation work, a vertical rotating rotary harrow suitable for mulberry plantations was designed and optimized. According to the mulberry plantation planting and cultivation requirements to determine the rotary harrow machine structure, through the theoretical analysis of the harrow knife operation process and kinematic analysis, the harrow knife structure parameters were determined. Using the discrete element method to simulate the rotary harrow operation process, and the influence of different camber angles on the torque of the harrow knife and working quality of the machine and the variation law of the torque during the harrow operation were analyzed. Taking rotor speed, forward speed and plowing depth as test factors, and taking soil breakage rate, surface flatness after harrowing and soil weight as test indexes, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal rotary combination field test was carried out to analyze the influence of each factor on the operational effect of rotary harrow. The test results showed that the rotor speed and forward speed on the soil breakage rate, harrowing surface flatness and soil weight was very significant; the effect of plowing depth was only significant on the soil breakage rate, and there was no significant effect on the harrowing surface flatness and soil weight. The optimal combination of operating parameters was calculated as follows: rotor speed was 350 r / min, forward speed was 0. 7 m / s, plowing depth was 20 cm, soil fragmentation rate was 97. 89%, surface flatness was 11. 04 mm after harrowing, and soil capacity was 1. 11 g / cm3 . The verification test was carried out with the optimized operation parameter combination, and the soil breakage rate was 97. 29%, surface flatness after harrowing was 11. 53 mm, soil capacity was 1. 07 g / cm3 , which was consistent with the optimized results, and it met the operational requirements. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Soil testing

Controlled terms: Rotors - Seed

Uncontrolled terms: Breakage rates - Discrete-element simulations - Forward speed - Mulberry plantation tillage and soil preparation - Optimization design - Rotary harrow - Rotor speed - Soil preparation - Soil weight - Surface flatness

Classification code: 1502.1.1.4.3 - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Angular velocity 5.845E+00rad/s, Linear density 1.10E+00kg/m, Linear density 7.00E-01kg/m, Percentage 2.90E+01%, Percentage 8.90E+01%, Size 2.00E-01m, Size 4.00E-03m, Size 5.30E-02m, Velocity 7.00E+00m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

43. Optimization and Experiment of Suction Inlet Structure of Cotton Fiber Length Detection Device Based on CFD

Accession number: 20250417745950

Title of translation: 基于 CFD 的棉纤维长度检测装置吸风口结构优化与试验

Authors: Chang, Jinqiang (1, 2); Wang, Peiyu (1, 2); Duan, Hongwei (1, 3); Zhang, Jianqiang (1, 3); Liu, Kang (1, 2); Zhang, Ruoyu (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Innovation Center for Digital Equipment and Technology for Smart Farms, Shihezi Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi; 832003, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Ruoyu(ry248@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 234-244

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Cotton fiber length is one of the key indicators in cotton quality testing. To ensure that cotton fibers remain stable and straight during testing, the airflow field inside a self-designed cotton fiber suction port was numerically simulated and optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and orthogonal experiments. Single-factor experiments were conducted to study the effects of suction port length, width, and height on the uniformity of the flow field, airflow velocity, and pressure within the cavity. The suction port parameters were optimized through numerical simulation and orthogonal experiments. Single-factor test results indicated that the optimal range for height was 2.6 ~ 3.0 mm, width was 40 ~ 60 mm, and length was 65 ~ 105 mm. Through orthogonal optimization experiments, using the weighted score of velocity and pressure non-uniformity coefficients as evaluation criteria, the factors affecting the airflow field distribution inside the suction port were analyzed. The results showed that the main factors affecting flow field uniformity in order were the length, height and width of the suction port. The optimized suction port structural parameters were as follows: height was 2.8 mm, width was 50 mm, and length was 85 mm. Under this configuration, the velocity non-uniformity coefficients at sections A, B, and C were decreased by 0. 30, 0. 33 and 0. 31 compared with the average test values, and the pressure non-uniformity coefficients were decreased by 0. 13, 0. 21 and 0. 21, respectively. The comprehensive weighted scores for velocity and pressure reached a maximum of 99. 979 3 and 99. 688 9, respectively. Verification through comparison of pixel counts in 35 groups of cotton sample images by row showed that the optimal parameter configuration had coverage rates of 86. 44%, 46. 77% and 10. 61% in three row intervals (each image divided into three groups by rows), demonstrating the best fiber straightness, which was consistent with the numerical simulation results. The research result can provide a reference for evaluating the airflow distribution in cotton fiber suction ports and lay a foundation for accurate cotton fiber length detection. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Cotton fibers

Controlled terms: Flow fields - Shape optimization - Solar buildings - Structural optimization - Water towers

Uncontrolled terms: Air suction - Air-flow fields - Computational fluid - Cotton fiber detection - Fiber length - Fluid-dynamics - Nonuniformity - Orthogonal experiment - Structural optimisations - Suction port

Classification code: 1008.4 - 1201.7 - 213.1 - 301.1 - 402 Buildings and Towers - 446.1 Water Supply Systems

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.40E+01%, Percentage 6.10E+01%, Percentage 7.70E+01%, Size 2.60E-03m to 3.00E-03m, Size 2.80E-03m, Size 4.00E-02m to 6.00E-02m, Size 5.00E-02m, Size 6.50E-02m to 1.05E-01m, Size 8.50E-02m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

44. Design and Testing of Disc-sliding Knife Narrow-row Precision Seeder

Accession number: 20250417745996

Title of translation: 圆盘滑刀式小粒径蔬菜窄行密植播种机设计与试验

Authors: Li, Yuntong (1); Zheng, Juan (1); Zhang, Baixiang (1); Liu, Hai (2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 3); Liao, Yitao (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan; 430065, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Corresponding author: Liao, Yitao(liaoetao@mail.hzau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 197-209

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In response to issues such as the high requirements for uniform seeding and the lack of suitable sowing machinery when using narrow-row dense planting agronomy for small-seed vegetables like spinach, a narrow-row precision seeder that integrated functions such as rotary tilling, ridging, furrowing, seeding, and soil covering was designed. This seeder achieved precise sowing in narrow rows on ridges for densely planted vegetables like spinach. The study outlined the overall design of the seeder, with a focus on the design of the furrowing and seed dispensing assembly. By analyzing the forces and movement of seeds during the dispensing process in a pneumatic needle-type planetary gear system for narrow-row multi-row parallel precision seeding, the main factors affecting seed drop trajectory and plant spacing uniformity were identified. A mechanical model of the furrow opener’s interaction with the soil was constructed, and the structural parameters of the furrow opener disc, sliding knife-type soil separator, and seed drop opening were determined. A discrete element simulation analysis of the furrow opener’s operation was conducted, using furrow depth, sliding knife-type soil separator inclination, and operating speed as test factors, with soil disturbance and furrow depth coefficient of variation as test indicators. A second-order regression orthogonal combination experiment was carried out to determine the optimal parameter combination for the furrow opener as a furrow depth of 45. 45 mm, a sliding knife-type soil separator inclination of 20. 14°, and an operating speed of 0. 40 m / s. Field furrow opening tests showed that under the optimal parameter combination, the coefficient of variation in furrow depth for the disc-sliding knife combination furrow opener was 9. 57%, with a soil disturbance amount of 13. 37 cm2, indicating superior furrow opening performance. Field seeding tests showed that the coefficients of variation for the number of seedlings per row and consistency of seedlings across rows after sowing with the narrow-row precision seeder were no more than 9. 95%, meeting the agronomic requirements for narrow-row dense planting of small-seed vegetables. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Vegetables

Controlled terms: Disks (machine components) - Epicyclic gears - Orthogonal functions - Seed - Separators - Soil testing

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficients of variations - Dense planting - Disk-sliding knife furrow opener - Furrow openers - Narrow-row - Operating speed - Optimal parameter combinations - Plantings - Seeder - Soil disturbances

Classification code: 1201 - 1502.1.1.4.3 - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.70E+01%, Percentage 9.50E+01%, Size 3.70E-01m, Size 4.50E-02m, Velocity 4.00E+01m/s

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

45. Restoration of Defocused Blurred Microscopic Images of Urediniospores of Wheat Stripe Rust Based on Improved DeblurGANv2 Model

Accession number: 20250517770437

Title of translation: 基于改进 DeblurGANv2 模型的小麦条锈菌夏孢子离焦模糊显微图像复原方法

Authors: Lei, Yu (1, 2); Chen, Xu (1); Ruan, Chao (1, 2); Qian, Haiming (3); Li, Jinsong (3); Huang, Linsheng (1, 2); Zhao, Jinling (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Internet, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis and Application, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China; (3) Institute of Space Integrated Ground Network (Anhui) Co., Ltd., Hefei; 230088, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Jinling(zhaojl@ahu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 366-376

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Due to the shallow depth of field inherent in optical microscopic imaging of micron-scale spores, defocused blurred images frequently occur, resulting in the loss of high-frequency information and blurred edges of urediniospores. Defocus deblurring restoration is crucial for the subsequent accurate detection of spore targets, making it a critical technical foundation for the early prevention and control of airborne wheat stripe rust. To address the issues of high-frequency information loss and blurred edges of urediniospores caused by defocused blurring in microscopic imaging of spore capturing devices under complex conditions, an improved DeblurGANv2 method for deblurring microscopic images of urediniospores was proposed. Firstly, a bottom-up five-level feature enhancement module after the feature fusion module of DeblurGANv2 was introduced, which shortened the propagation path from shallow features to deep features, enhancing the mutual fusion of features at different scales and improving the model’s ability to restore high-frequency and spore edge features. Simultaneously, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was incorporated into the feature extraction backbone network, increasing the weight of urediniospore feature information in both spatial and channel dimensions, enhancing the model’s capacity to express urediniospore features and enriching the detail information in the restored images. Finally, four mainstream object detection models, including YOLO v5, Faster R CNN, CenterNet, and YOLO v8 were employed to detect urediniospores in images before and after restoration, comparing the impact of the improved DeblurGANv2 model on detection performance. The experimental results indicated that the improved DeblurGANv2 restoration model achieved mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM) values of 0. 001 4, 28. 88 dB, and 0. 966, respectively, representing improvements of 17. 65%, 3. 29%, and 0. 35% over the original DeblurGANv2 model, respectively. Furthermore, the four object detection models exhibited varying degrees of performance enhancement when combined with the improved DeblurGANv2 model. Among them, the YOLO v8 model, utilizing the improved DeblurGANv2 restoration, demonstrated the best performance, with precision (P), recall (R), and mean average precision (mAP @ 0. 5) values of 96. 1%, 95. 1%, and 97. 7%, respectively, an increase of 3. 0, 5. 0, and 23. 6 percentage points compared with that using the YOLO v8 detection model directly. This validated the effectiveness of the proposed improved DeblurGANv2 model in recovering defocused and blurred spore information in microscopic images, significantly enhancing the detection performance of spore detection models and providing technical support for the airborne detection of urediniospores. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Restoration

Controlled terms: Computerized tomography - Fiber optic sensors - Image denoising - Image enhancement - Image reconstruction - Mass spectrometers - Precision balances - Transmission electron microscopy

Uncontrolled terms: Defocused blurring - Detection models - Features fusions - Image deblurring - Microscopic image - Microscopic imaging - Spore detection - Stripe rust - Urediniospores - Wheat stripe rust

Classification code: 1106.3.1 - 1301.1.3.1 - 1301.3.1 - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 741.1.2 Fiber Optics - 746 Imaging Techniques - 913.5 Maintenance - 942.1.7

Numerical data indexing: Decibel 8.80E+01dB, Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 2.90E+01%, Percentage 3.50E+01%, Percentage 6.50E+01%, Percentage 7.00E+00%

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

46. Estimation of Nitrogen Content in Rice Grains Based on UAV Hyperspectral Imagery

Accession number: 20250417745983

Title of translation: 基于无人机高光谱影像的稻谷氮含量估算研究

Authors: Fan, Yaobing (1); Wu, Shangrong (2, 3); Kuang, Wei (4); Chen, Youxing (1); Fang, Baohua (4); Ren, Jianqiang (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan; 030051, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) Hunan Rice Research Institute, Changsha; 410125, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Shangrong(wushangrong@caas.cn)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 332-343 and 423

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: In the current nitrogen inversion study, there are fewer studies on the agronomic parameter of rice grain nitrogen. Since rice grain nitrogen content directly influences crop nutrition, it is crucial to conduct a study on the estimation of rice grain nitrogen based on the relationship between hyperspectral features and plant nitrogen content to assess the nutritional status and quality of the crop. For this purpose, unmanned aerial hyperspectral remote sensing images of rice at the stage of jointing, flowering and maturing were acquired, and a study on estimating rice grain nitrogen content was carried out by using plant nitrogen content as a bridge at the rice experimental base in Gaoqiao Town, Changsha County, Hunan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HPAAS). Firstly, the fitting precision R2 between the narrow-band normalized difference vegetation index (N-NDVI) and plant nitrogen content was analyzed, and the region of extreme maximum value Ω was obtained and the center of the plant nitrogen-sensitive band was calculated. Then the optimal width of the sensitive band for rice plant nitrogen content estimation was automatically determined by constructing an internal connection rectangle. Subsequently, a statistical model linking plant nitrogen content to rice grain nitrogen was established. Finally, the estimation of rice grain nitrogen content was realized by constructing N -NDVI based on the optimal bandwidth, and the accuracy was verified. The results showed that the optimal sensitive bandwidth of N -NDVI for plant nitrogen content, which was automatically screened by using the internal rectangle, achieved high accuracy in the inversion of rice plant nitrogen content and rice grain nitrogen content in all periods. The coefficients of determination R2 between the measured and predicted values of rice grain nitrogen content ranged from 0. 410 9 to 0. 610 6, the normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) ranged from 11. 33% to 16. 85%, and the mean relative errors (MRE) ranged from 9. 53% to 13. 24% . The prediction accuracy of each fertility stage from high to low was as follows: maturing stage, jointing stage and flowering stage. At the maturing stage, the N -NDVI constructed with the central wavelength of the sensitive band at 629. 85 / 701. 93 nm, corresponding to the hyperspectral optimal bandwidth of ± 6 nm, had the highest accuracy in estimating plant nitrogen content and predicting the nitrogen content of rice grains (R2 = 0. 590 0, NRMSE = 14. 06%, MRE = 11. 59%) . In conclusion, the inversion method of rice grain nitrogen content proposed was feasible and can achieve accurate estimation of rice grain nitrogen content, which provided an idea for predicting rice grain nitrogen content in gramineous cereal crops. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 54

Main heading: Mean square error

Controlled terms: Aerial photography - Agricultural robots - Antenna feeders - Budget control - Computer control - Elastin - Forward error correction - Grain (agricultural product) - Interferons - Liquid sugar - Photointerpretation - Seed - Time difference of arrival - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Volatile fatty acids

Uncontrolled terms: Aerial vehicle - Hyper-spectral imageries - HyperSpectral - Nitrogen content - Plant nitrogen content - Rice - Rice grain nitrogen content - Rice grains - Unmanned aerial vehicle

Classification code: 103.2 - 1103.3 - 1106.5 - 1202.2 - 203 - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 716.5.1 - 731.6 Robot Applications - 742.1 Photography - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.3 Food Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.40E+01%, Percentage 3.30E+01% to 1.60E+01%, Percentage 5.30E+01% to 1.30E+01%, Percentage 5.90E+01%, Percentage 6.00E+00%, Percentage 8.50E+01%, Size 6.00E-09m, Size 9.30E-08m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village

47. Improved Design and Test of Longitudinal Nail-tooth-chain Plastic Film Pickup Device

Accession number: 20250417745937

Title of translation: 纵向型钉齿链式地膜捡拾装置设计与试验

Authors: Jiang, Deli (1); Yan, Limin (1, 2); Chen, Xuegeng (1, 2); Mo, Yisong (3); Zhang, Jinhao (1); Wu, Tao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Changzhou Han-Sun Machinery Co., Ltd., Changzhou; 213034, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Xuegeng(chenxg130@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Jixie Xuebao

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 2025

Publication year: 2025

Pages: 267-281

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10001298

CODEN: NUYCA3

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Abstract: Compared with the conventional horizontal conveyor chain type plastic film picking device, the longitudinal nail-tooth-chain plate type plastic film picking device developed by our team in the early stage has little tearing effect on the residual film, and the separation effect of the residual film and the impurity is better. In order to further improve the performance of the plastic film pickup device, a friction type nail-tooth-chain plate plastic film pickup chain that can not only overload and slip, but also facilitate the installation of functional components was optimized and designed. The kinematic analysis of the picking nail teeth on the film picking chain was carried out, and the motion equation and trajectory of the picking nail teeth during the operation were determined, as well as the conditions for the nail teeth to complete the film picking. The key parameters of the plastic film picking system were determined by analyzing the condition of no leakage of residual film and the force of the film. At the same time, the structural design and key parameters of the shovel type film lifting device were determined. The force of residual film and impurities in the film lifting process was analyzed, and the film lifting device was optimized. According to the design results, a prototype was developed and a multi-factor test of operating parameters was carried out. The operating speed, the spacing of pickup nail teeth, the depth of the film shovel into the soil, and the distance between the tip of the film shovel and the center of the picking drum were used as test factors. The residual film picking rate, impurity rate of recovered residual film and traction resistance were used as test indicators. The central composite design (CCD) method was used to carry out a four-factor five-level quadratic regression orthogonal combination test. The influence of each test factor on the test index of the residual film picking system was analyzed, the regression models were established, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained by using the multi-objective optimization method. When the operating speed was 6 km / h, the pickup nail tooth spacing was 228. 6 mm, the depth of the film shovel into the soil was 37 mm, and the distance between the tip of the film shovel and the center of the pickup drum was 130 mm, the field test showed that the residual film pickup rate was 90. 12%, the impurity rate of the recovered residual film was 8. 96%, and the traction resistance was 19. 905 kN. The relative errors between the experimental results and the predicted values of the regression models were no more than 4. 55%, indicating that the parameter optimization regression models were reliable, and the designed friction type nail-tooth-chain plate plastic film picking system met the technical requirements of residual film recovery. The research results can provide technical reference for the development of residual film recycling machines. ? 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All rights reserved.

Number of references: 39

Main heading: Shovels

Controlled terms: Chain conveyors - Goal programming - Soil testing - Stiction - Structural analysis - Structural dynamics - Traction (friction)

Uncontrolled terms: Dynamics simulation - Film lifting device - Friction type nail-tooth-chain - Lifting devices - Parameter optimization - Picking system - Plastic-film - Regression modelling - Residual film recovery - Residual films

Classification code: 1106.1 - 1301.1.1 - 1502.1.1.4.3 - 408 Structural Design - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 605.2 Small Tools, Unpowered - 606 Abrasives - 692.1 Conveyors

Numerical data indexing: Force 9.05E+05N, Percentage 1.20E+01%, Percentage 5.50E+01%, Percentage 9.60E+01%, Size 1.30E-01m, Size 3.70E-02m, Size 6.00E+03m, Size 6.00E-03m

DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.01.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Data Provider: Engineering Village