空间和效率双维视角下安徽省"耕林"资源错配测度与优化路径

Measurement and Optimization Path of "Cultivated and Forest Land" Resource Misallocation in Anhui Province from Dual Perspectives of Space and Efficiency

摘要:

科学测度"耕林"资源错配规模、程度及特征对优化国土空间布局、统筹粮食安全与生态保护具有重要实践意义。本文以安徽省"耕林"资源为研究对象，基于2013、2018、2023年土地利用数据，构建包含期望产出与非期望产出的超效率SBM模型，综合运用适宜性评价、耦合协调度模型及层次分析法等方法，系统分析耕地与林地空间分布格局匹配程度及其演变规律。结果表明：空间维度上，安徽省"耕林"错配呈显著的"南高北低"空间格局，全省错配面积由2013年的730.62 km2增至2023年的773.76 km2，错配高值区集中于宣城市、六安市、安庆市等皖南区域，并表现出较强持续性。效率维度上，错配程度整体显著下降，区域差异逐步缩小。空间格局呈现由初期高值广布向后期低值主导的结构性变化，区域协调性持续增强;其中，宿州市错配指数从2013年的0.84降至2023年的0.22，由极高错配区转变为极低错配区，凸显其资源配置效率的快速提升。双高错配格局形成空间与效率双向强化的负向闭环，是省内"耕林"错配风险最高、问题最突出区域;双低错配格局实现了空间适配与效率协同的双向互促良性循环，为风险低位可控的最优资源配置状态。空间优化通过功能分区与生态补偿重构"耕林"格局，实现资源配置从人为干预向自然禀赋的根本性转变;效率优化通过精准投入、高效产出与协同优化达到生态经济效益提升;以破解错配风险为目标，构建空间适配与效率提升双向互促的"耕林"资源良性配置格局。研究结果可为安徽省耕地保护与生态修复政策制定提供科学依据，对构建高质量国土空间格局具有参考价值。

Abstract:

Scientifically measuring the scale, degree and characteristics of the misallocation of "cultivated and forest land" resources is of great practical significance for optimizing the layout of territorial space and coordinating food security and ecological protection.Taking the cultivated and forest resources in Anhui Province as the research object, based on the land use data of 2013, 2018 and 2023, a super-efficiency SBM model was constructed, including expected and non-expected outputs.By comprehensively applying methods such as suitability evaluation, coupling coordination degree model and analytic hierarchy process, it systematically analyzed the matching degree and evolution law of the spatial distribution pattern of cultivated land and forest land.The results showed that in the spatial dimension, the misallocation of "cultivated and forest land" resources in Anhui Province presented a significant "high in the south and low in the north" spatial pattern.The total area of misallocation in the province was increased from 730.62 km2 in 2013 to 773.76 km2 in 2023, with high-value areas concentrated in the southern regions such as Xuancheng City, Lu'an City and Anqing City, and showing strong persistence.In terms of efficiency, the overall degree of misallocation was significantly decreased, and regional differences were gradually narrowed.The spatial pattern underwent a structural change from a widespread high-value area in the early stage to a low-value dominated area in the later stage, and regional coordination was continuously strengthened.Among them, the misallocation value of Suzhou City was decreased from 0.84 in 2013 to 0.22 in 2023, transforming from a highly misallocated area to a very low misallocated area, highlighting the rapid improvement of its resource allocation efficiency.The double-high misallocation pattern formed a negative closed loop that reinforced both spatial and efficiency aspects, making it the area with the highest risk and most prominent problem of "cultivated and forest land" misallocation within the province.The double-low misallocation pattern achieved a mutually reinforcing positive cycle of spatial adaptation and efficiency synergy, representing the optimal resource allocation state with low and controllable risks.Spatial optimization can be achieved by reconfiguring the "cultivated and forest land" pattern through functional zoning and ecological compensation, realizing a fundamental shift in resource allocation from human intervention to natural endowment.Efficiency optimization can be achieved through precise input, high-efficiency output and coordinated optimization to enhance ecological and economic benefits.With the goal of resolving misallocation risks, a mutually reinforcing positive cycle of spatial adaptation and efficiency improvement for the benign allocation of "cultivated and forest land" resources can be constructed.The research results can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of policies on farmland protection and ecological restoration in Anhui Province, and it had reference value for the construction of a high-quality territorial space pattern.