香蕉生产关键技术与智能装备研究进展

Research Progress of Key Technologies and Intelligent Equipment for Banana Production

摘要:

香蕉作为热带亚热带地区重要果粮兼用作物，在我国热带地区产业经济中占据核心地位。随着农业智能生产装备与人工智能等新兴技术的不断发展，推进香蕉全程机械化与智能化生产对提升产业竞争力具有重要现实意义。回顾农业装备与技术在香蕉生产领域的应用和研究进展，围绕香蕉生长特点与复杂种植环境，本文分别从蕉园信息感知、栽培管理、采收运送及采后处理4个关键环节出发，梳理了香蕉果穗和假茎的视觉感知与识别定位、病虫害防控与养分管控、高效低损的采运一体化装备，香蕉落梳的关键技术与智能生产装备。当前我国香蕉生产已在部分环节实现机械化，平地蕉园农机农艺配套栽培模式已初见成效，但仍面临复杂环境适应性与智能化程度不足等问题。围绕香蕉智能生产装备发展与智慧蕉园建设需求，提出应聚焦枯萎病早期诊断与防控、水肥药智能施用、采运一体化及智慧蕉园集成建设等薄弱环节，突破关键核心技术，推动香蕉生产朝着全程机械化、自动化、精细化和智能化转变。

Abstract:

Bananas, as an important fruit and grain dual-purpose crop in tropical and subtropical regions, occupies a core role in the industrial economy of China's tropical regions.With the continuous development of emerging technologies such as agricultural intelligent equipment and artificial intelligence, it is of great practical significance to promote the full mechanization and intelligent production of bananas to enhance industrial competitiveness.The application and research progress of agricultural equipment and technology in the field of banana production were reviewed.Focusing on the growth characteristics and complex planting environment of banana, it systematically reviewed the research progress of key technologies and intelligent equipment in the four major links of banana orchards information perception, cultivation management, harvesting and transportation, and post-harvest processing.In terms of information perception of banana plantations, the identification and location techniques of banana plants, stalks and pseudo-stems based on different algorithms were discussed.In terms of cultivation management, the research and application of intelligent monitoring technology and equipment for disease prevention and nutrient management were summarized.In terms of harvesting and transportation, the high-efficiency and low-damage integration picking-support-transportation technology were elaborated, and the application scenarios and advantages of different transportation system such as vehicle, cableway and UAV were compared.In terms of post-harvest processing, the technical breakthroughs and existing bottleneck problems of banana de-handing were discussed.At present, banana production in China has only been mechanized in some links, the practical application performance of agricultural machinery-agronomy matching cultivation techniques of flatland banana orchard in improving yield and optimizing operation efficiency achieved initial results.Problems such as insufficient adaptability to complex environments and low intelligent were still prominent, which restricted the high-quality development of the industry.Around the development of banana intelligent production technology and equipment and the needs of intelligent banana orchard construction, it was proposed that it should focus on the weak links such as conquering early diagnosis and prevention of Fusarium wilt, upgrading the integrated water, fertilizer and pesticide intelligent control platform, developing low-damage integrated harvesting and transportation equipment, and integrated construction of intelligent banana orchard.So as to break through the key core technologies and promote the transformation of banana production towards full mechanization, automation, refinement and intelligence.