自走式辣椒种子直播机关键部件设计与试验

Design and Testing of Key Components for Self-propelled Pepper Seed Direct Seeder

摘要:

针对辣椒小粒种子精量播种与规模化生产需求,设计了全履带式辣椒种子直播机及其关键部件,集成铺管、覆膜、播种多系统协同作业。整机采用三阶段无级变速传动系统与模块化耦合架构,履带接地比压小于等于20kPa,牵引力达17.78kN,最小转向半径1.36m,通过圆半径小于等于3.03m,解决了麦椒套种模式下土壤压实与作业避障难题。基于气吸式排种器与鸭嘴滚筒成穴装置,构建播种深度自适应调节系统,实现行距650~700 mm可调、穴距合格率大于等于95%、空穴率小于等于2%。液压系统采用HST散热与双油缸电液比例闭环控制,缩短响应时间至2.36s,同步误差小于等于2% 。田间试验结果显示:整机平均无故障间隔时间(MTBF)为120h,有效度99.5%,作业效率达5.93km/h。该研究为小粒径辣椒种子高精度直播提供了可靠装备。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the requirements for precision sowing of small-grain chili seeds and large-scale production, a full-track chili seed direct seeder and its key components were designed, integrating the coordinated operation of multiple systems, including pipeline laying, film mulching, and sowing. The entire machine adopted a three-stage stepless variable speed transmission system and a modular coupling structure, with a track ground contact specific pressure of no greater than 20kPa, a traction force of up to 17.78kN, a minimum turning radius of 1.36m, and a passing circle radius of no greater than 3.03m. This design solved the problems of soil compaction and operation obstacle avoidance under the wheat-chili intercropping mode. Based on a pneumatic suction seed metering device and a duckbill roller hole-forming device, a sowing depth adaptive adjustment system was constructed. This system enabled adjustable row spacing of 650~700mm, a plant spacing qualification rate of greater than or equal to 95%, and a missing hole rate of no greater than 2%. The hydraulic system adopted hydrostatic transmission (HST) heat dissipation and dual-cylinder electro-hydraulic proportional closed-loop control, shortening the response time to 2.36s with a synchronization error of no greater than 2%. Field test results showed that the average mean time between failures (MTBF) of the entire machine was 120h, the availability was 99.5%, and the operation efficiency reached 5.93km/h. This research can provide reliable equipment for high-precision direct seeding of small-sized chili seeds and fill the gap in domestic special direct seeding equipment for chili peppers.