膜杂切碎分离装置旋风式分离机构设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Cyclonic Separation Mechanism for Film-mixed Residues Shredding and Separation Device

摘要:

针对机收膜杂混合物分离装备匮乏、膜杂切碎分离装置作业后残膜洁净率有待提高的问题，在已有膜杂切碎分离装置的基础上，设计一种旋风式膜杂分离机构。通过理论分析得到旋风式膜杂分离机构关键结构参数和运动参数范围，基于动力学和运动学建立了旋风分离器内膜杂余料各成分的运动微分方程，并通过EDEM-Fluent耦合方法模拟旋风分离器内残膜、粗茎秆、细枝秆以及土壤颗粒的运动分离过程，验证了旋风分离器结构设计的合理性。以旋风分离器进料口气流速度和出膜口气流速度为试验因素，残膜洁净率和残膜损失率为评价指标，基于自主研发的膜杂切碎分离装置样机开展了单因素和二因素五水平正交旋转组合试验，试验结果表明：最佳参数组合为进料口气流速度3.78 m/s、出膜口气流速度10.57 m/s，以最优工作参数验证试验结果表明，残膜洁净率、残膜损失率平均值为94.63%、4.15%。研究结果可为膜杂分离技术及装备优化设计提供技术支持。

Abstract:

The separation equipment for mechanically harvested film-mixed residues is limited, and existing film shredding separation devices result in residual film with a low cleanliness rate (i.e., a high level of impurities). To address these issues, a cyclone-based film-impurity separation mechanism was designed, based on an existing film shredding separation device. Through theoretical analysis, the key structural and operating parameters of the cyclone separation mechanism were identified. Differential equations describing the motion of various components of the film-mixed residues within the cyclone separator were established based on dynamics and kinematics. Using the EDEM-Fluent coupling method, the motion and separation process of residual films, coarse stalks, fine twigs, and soil particles within the cyclone separator were simulated, validating the design rationality of the cyclone separator. The airflow velocities at the cyclone separator's feed inlet and film discharge outlet were chosen as experimental factors, while residual film cleanliness rate and residual film loss rate were used as evaluation indicators. Single-factor tests and two-factor, five-level orthogonal rotary combination tests were conducted by using a self-developed prototype of the film shredding separation device. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was a feed inlet airflow velocity of 3.78 m/s and a film discharge outlet airflow velocity of 10.57 m/s. Verification tests under these optimal parameters showed that the average residual film cleanliness rate and residual film loss rate were 94.63% and 4.15%, respectively. The research result can provide technical support for the optimization design of film-impurity separation technology and equipment.