面向草原地上生物量监测的滚刀式刈割集草装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Roll-type Harvesting and Grass Collection Device for Aboveground Biomass Monitoring in Grasslands

摘要:

为解决草原地上生物量监测中存在人工刈割效率低与割茬高度稳定性差的问题,设计了一种滚刀式刈割集草装置。 通过技术要求分析和理论分析,设计了装置的整体结构,并确定了滚刀式切割器的主要结构参数和工作参数。 以推挤角、滚刀转速和前进速度为试验因素,平均切割力和割茬高度稳定性系数为试验指标,结合三因素三水平的仿真试验和 NSGA-Ⅱ算法,得到最佳参数组合为:推挤角 2. 95°、滚刀转速 603 r / min、前进速度 0. 11 m / s。 设置推挤角为 3°进行样机加工,并以滚刀转速和前进速度为试验因素,割茬高度稳定性系数为试验指标,进行二因素三水平田间试验,得到最佳作业参数组合为:滚刀转速 606 r / min、前进速度 0. 10 m / s。 以人工刈割的方式作为对照,进行最佳参数组合下的样机性能试验,结果表明,所设计装置的割茬高度稳定性系数比人工组高 16% ~ 21% ,作业效率是人工效率的 18 ~ 24 倍,且其他误差均符合相关标准。 装置能代替人工进行草原地上生物量监测工作。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the issues of low manual mowing efficiency and poor stubble height stability in the monitoring of aboveground biomass in grasslands, a rolling knife-type mowing and grass-collecting device was designed. Through technical requirement analysis and theoretical analysis, the overall structure of the device was developed, and the main structural and operational parameters of the rolling knife cutter were determined. Using push angle, rolling knife rotation speed, and forward speed as experimental factors, and average cutting force and stubble height stability coefficient as experimental indicators, an optimal parameter combination was obtained through a three-factor three-level simulation experiment and the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm. The optimal parameters were found to be a push angle of 2. 95°, rolling knife rotation speed of 603 r / min, and forward speed of 0. 11 m / s. With the push angle set to be 3°, a prototype was manufactured, and a two-factor three-level field experiment was conducted with rolling knife rotation speed and forward speed as factors, and stubble height stability coefficient as the experimental indicator. The optimal operational parameter combination from this experiment was with rolling knife rotation speed of 606 r / min and forward speed of 0. 10 m / s. Furthermore, with manual mowing as the control, a performance test of the prototype under the optimal parameter combination was conducted. The results showed that the stubble height stability coefficient of the designed device was 16% ~ 21% higher than that of the manual group, and its operational efficiency was 18 ~ 24 times that of manual work. In addition, all other errors met the relevant standards. This device can replace manual labor in grassland aboveground biomass monitoring, and provide a reference for the design of mechanized mowing and grass-collecting equipment for grassland aboveground biomass monitoring.