丘陵山地增程式遥控微耕机设计与试验

Design and Performance Test of Remote Controlled Micro Tiller with Extended Range in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

摘要:

针对当前丘陵山地农业机械普遍存在的动力模式单一、排放污染高、操纵复杂、地形适应性差及续航时间短等问题,结合果园、大棚等狭小空间内旋耕、开沟与除草等具体农艺需求,设计了一款增程式多功能遥控微耕机,并开展了整机性能试验。 首先,阐述该微耕机的整体结构与工作原理,并基于 ANSYS 有限元分析软件对其关键承载部件机架进行静力学与模态分析。 分析结果验证了机架结构设计的合理性,能有效规避共振风险,刚强度满足实际工况要求。 其次,完成了对旋耕、行走、增程式混合动力及遥控等核心系统的设计与关键部件选型匹配;最后,通过多项整机性能试验对微耕机进行了验证。 结果表明: 该微耕机直线行驶偏移率为 2. 65% , 符合国家标准 (≤6% )规定;遥控微耕机最小转弯半径为 1 227 mm,转向机动性良好,充分适应丘陵山地的狭小坡地环境; 可通过遥控稳定实现行车、转向及农具升降等功能,操作便捷性显著提升;遥控操作上下斜坡、翻越垂直阶梯、翻越田埂等过程平稳,满足丘陵山地复杂地形行走要求;挂载旋耕作业刀具在 3 种坡度路面进行作业性能试验时,耕深稳定性系数满足国家标准(≥85% )要求,动力系统的负载适配能力以及旋耕作业效率均满足丘陵山地作业环境的农艺需求;微耕机启动发电机后,平地行驶所消耗电量降低 50% ,爬 25° 坡所消耗电量降低 37% ,旋耕作业工况所消耗电量降低 54% 。 研究表明,所研制的丘陵山地增程式遥控微耕机的通过性、操作性、作业质量及续航能力表现良好,验证了其对复杂地形与多样化农艺要求的良好适应性,展现出显著的应用潜力。

Abstract:

Aiming to tackle prevalent issues in hilly and mountainous agricultural machinery,including limited power modes, high emissions, complex operation, poor terrain adaptability and short endurance, a range-extended multifunctional remote controlled microtiller was designed for tasks such as rotary tillage, trenching, and weeding in confined spaces like orchards and greenhouses. Performance tests were carried out on the machine. The overall structure and working principle were firstly outlined, followed by static and modal analyses of the key loadbearing frame using ANSYS finite element analysis software. The analysis results validated the rationality of the frame design, effectively mitigating resonance risks while ensuring sufficient stiffness to meet operational requirements. Next, the core systems, including rotary tillage, movement, range-extended hybrid power and remote control were designed, along with the matching of key components. Finally, the micro-tiller was verified through multiple performance tests. The test results demonstrated that the micro-tiller exhibited a straight-line deviation rate of 2. 65% , meeting the national standard (≤6% ). With a minimum turning radius of 1 227 mm, it showed good maneuverability, making it well-suited for narrow slopes in hilly terrain. Remote control ensured stable operation of travel, steering, and implement lifting, significantly improving operational convenience. The machine performed steadily in slope traversal, step climbing, and ridge crossing, satisfying the requirements for complex terrain mobility. During rotary tillage tests on three slope gradients, tillage depth stability complied with the national standard (≥85% ), while the power system??s load adaptability and tillage efficiency met the agronomic demands of hilly environments. With the generator activated, endurance was increased by 50% on level ground, 37% on slopes, and 54% under working conditions. The study demonstrated that the developed range-extended remote-controlled micro-tiller for hilly and mountainous areas exhibited excellent passability, operability, work quality, and endurance, validating its strong adaptability to complex terrains and diverse agricultural requirements. It showed significant application potential.