连续式好氧发酵智能装备设计与试验

Design and Test on Intelligent Equipment of Continuous Aerobic Composting

摘要:

针对农业园区、种养基地等蔬菜尾菜、畜禽粪污等农业废弃物处理不及时、发酵效率低的问题，设计了一种高效连续式好氧发酵智能装备，由自动上料、破碎脱水、轴向推流搅拌、分层可控曝气、渗滤液回流、尾气净化及智能温控等组成，核心发酵仓采用多仓室串联结构，有效容积为1.67 m3，日处理能力不小于110 kg/d。通过特制桨式搅拌器实现物料混匀、破碎与轴向推进，依次完成升温、高温与腐熟3阶段的连续发酵。装备集成分层独立可控曝气、底部电加热保温、菌剂喷洒与渗滤液回流喷淋装置，并通过基于PLC智能控制系统对温度、湿度、氧浓度等参数进行实时监测与联动反馈控制，保障发酵过程稳定高效。以蔬菜尾菜、小麦秸秆和牛粪为原料开展连续运行试验，结果表明装备可实现物料的梯级发酵与连续进出料，运行性能稳定；发酵过程堆体温度快速升至50℃以上，最高达64.23℃；发酵产物含水率降至35%~40%，有机质降解率最高达45.10%，种子发芽指数稳定80%以上，电导率降至1.54~1.96 mS/cm。研究结果表明，该装备能高效降解有机物、去除植物毒性，达到腐熟标准，且自动化与智能化水平显著优于传统批式发酵装备，适应连续生产场景。

Abstract:

In response to issues such as untimely treatment and low fermentation efficiency of agricultural wastes such as vegetable residues and livestock manure generated in agricultural parks and farming bases, a high-efficiency intelligent equipment of continuous aerobic composting was designed. The equipment comprised systems for automatic feeding, crushing and dewatering, axial-flow mixing, layered controllable aeration, leachate recirculation, exhaust gas purification and intelligent temperature control. The core composting chamber adopted a multi-compartment series structure with an effective volume of 1.67 m3 and a designed daily processing capacity of more than 110 kg/d. A specially designed paddle mixer ensured uniform mixing, crushing and axial propulsion of the materials, facilitating continuous composting through three periods: heating period, thermophilic period and cooling period. The equipment integrated independently controllable layered aeration, bottom electric heating and insulation, microbial agent spraying, and leachate recirculation sprinkling devices. Real-time monitoring and coordinated feedback control of parameters such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration were implemented through a PLC-based intelligent control system, ensuring stable and efficient operation. Continuous operation tests using vegetable residues, wheat straw and cattle manure as raw materials demonstrated that the equipment achieved graded fermentation and continuous feeding/discharging with stable performance. During composting, the pile temperature rapidly rose above 50℃, reaching a maximum of 64.23℃. The final product achieved the moisture content of 35%~40%, the organic matter degradation rate reached up to 45.10%, the seed germination index remained stable above 80%, and the electrical conductivity dropped below 1.54~1.96 mS/cm. The results indicated that the equipment effectively degraded organic matter, removed phytotoxicity, met maturation standards, and exhibited significantly higher levels of automation and intelligence compared with traditional batch composting equipment, making it suitable for continuous production scenarios.