杯罩覆盖模式对烟田水热效应与烟苗生长的影响

Effect of Cup Covering Mode Instead of Plastic Film on Hydrothermal Effect and Tobacco Seedling Growth in Tobacco Field

摘要:

为探究杯罩覆盖模式对烟田土壤水热效益与烟苗生长的影响，通过田间试验分析杯罩覆盖模式（ZF）与传统地膜覆盖模式（DF）的土壤水热调控效益及对烟苗长势的影响。试验结果表明：ZF处理冠层净辐射日累积量达18.2 MJ/m2，较DF处理（16.5 MJ/m2）提高10.3%；DF处理因与土壤间隙较小，深度8 cm土壤热通量白天峰值（185 W/m2）较ZF处理（123 W/m2）高33.5%，但夜间ZF处理热通量散失更快；土壤含水率呈现"表层ZF处理高、深层DF处理高"的分布特征，深度10 cm ZF处理含水率较DF高1%~6%，深度30 cm低3%~5%；温度分布表现为ZF处理深度10 cm昼高夜低（白天高6.3%、夜晚低9.3%），深度20~30 cm全天低5.3%~6.1%；烟苗长势方面，ZF处理叶片数较DF处理多1.4片，根系占比显著提高1.24个百分点，但最大叶长短2.22 cm，株高与叶宽无显著差异。结果表明，杯罩覆盖模式在维持烟田表层土壤水热效益的同时，可提升烟苗长势，为干旱半干旱地区农业微环境调控提供了环保型技术方案。

Abstract:

Aiming to investigate the effects of cup mulching on soil water and heat benefits in tobacco fields and the growth of tobacco seedlings, a field experiment was conducted to systematically compare the soil water and heat regulation effects and seedling growth performance between the cup mulching mode (ZF) and the conventional plastic film mulching mode (DF). The results showed that the daily cumulative canopy net radiation of the ZF treatment reached 18.2 MJ/m2, which was 10.3% higher than that of the DF treatment (16.5 MJ/m2). Due to the smaller gap between the film and soil surface, the daytime peak soil heat flux at 8 cm depth under DF (185 W/m2) was 33.5% higher than that under ZF (123 W/m2), whereas the heat flux dissipated more rapidly at night under ZF. Soil moisture exhibited a distribution characteristic of higher in the surface layer under ZF and higher in the deep layer under DF: the soil moisture content at 10 cm depth under ZF was 1%~6% higher than that under DF, while it was 3%~5% lower at 30 cm depth. For soil temperature, the temperature at 10 cm depth under ZF was higher in the daytime (by 6.3%) and lower at night (by 9.3%), and it was 5.3%~6.1% lower throughout the day at 20~30 cm depth compared with that under DF. In terms of tobacco seedling growth, the ZF treatment had 1.4 more leaves than that of DF, and the root mass ratio was significantly increased by 1.24 percentage points, but the maximum leaf length was 2.22 cm shorter; no significant differences were observed in plant height and leaf width. The research result demonstrated that the cup mulching mode can improve tobacco seedling growth while maintaining favorable soil water and heat benefits in the surface layer of tobacco fields, providing an environmentally friendly technical scheme for agricultural microenvironment regulation in arid and semi-arid regions.