电磁脉冲式水稻侧深射肥装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Electromagnetic Pulse-driven Rice Side-deep Fertilizer Injection Device

摘要:

为满足水稻直播同步侧深施肥深度及其稳定性要求，结合水稻种植农艺特点，本文提出一种基于大颗粒肥精准点施的电磁脉冲式水稻侧深射肥装置。通过射肥装置撞针机构电磁能量转化与冲击后颗粒肥运动学分析，结合所建立的侵彻模型明确了动、定磁铁长度、半径及励磁线圈长度、外半径等结构参数为射肥深度的影响因素，并根据撞针机构吸附条件与运动临界条件，确定影响因素取值范围与励磁线圈最小输入功率；基于射肥装置进行ANSYS Electronics电磁仿真，开展Plackett-Burman与Box-Behnken试验，构建射肥装置关键因素与射肥深度二次回归模型，确定最优组合为动磁铁半径12.5 mm、动磁铁长度10 mm、定磁铁半径10 mm、励磁线圈长度56 mm；验证试验结果表明，撞针机构冲击速度与仿真值最大误差为0.34 m/s，射肥深度与侵彻模型理论值相对误差±7%；射肥装置性能试验结果表明，射肥深度合格率为91.01%、深度均值为4.48~5.14 cm、深度变异系数为7.78%~17.61%，电磁脉冲式水稻侧深射肥装置在实现深度要求的前提下具有良好稳定性。

Abstract:

Aiming to meet the depth and depth stability requirements for synchronous rice direct seeding with side-deep fertilization, an electromagnetic pulse-driven rice side-deep fertilizer injection device was proposed based on precision point application of large granular fertilizer, incorporating agronomic characteristics of rice cultivation. Through the electromagnetic energy conversion analysis in striker pin mechanism and the kinematic analysis of fertilizer particles subjected to impact, combined with the established penetration model, the structural parameters, including the length and radius of the moving magnet, the length and radius of the fixed magnet, outer radius and length of the excitation coil were identified as key influencing factors on the fertilizer injection depth. The feasible ranges of these parameters and the minimum input power of the excitation coil were determined based on adsorption and critical motion conditions of the striker pin mechanism. A transient simulation model of the fertilizer injection device was developed in ANSYS Electronics, followed by conducting Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken simulation-based experiments. The quadratic regression model was subsequently established to characterize the relationship between key structural parameters and fertilizer injection depth. Based on this model, the optimal structural parameter combination was determined as follows: moving magnet radius was 12.5 mm, moving magnet length was 10 mm, fixed magnet radius was 10 mm, and excitation coil length was 56 mm. Validation tests demonstrated that the maximum velocity deviation between the striker pin mechanism's impact speed and simulation values was 0.34 m/s, while the relative error of fertilizer injection depth compared with penetration model theoretical values remained within ±7%. Performance evaluation of the fertilizer injection system revealed that the qualification rate of injection depth reached 91.01%; mean depth values were distributed between 4.48 cm and 5.14 cm; depth variation coefficients ranged from 7.78% to 17.61%. The electromagnetic pulse-driven rice side-deep fertilizer injection device was demonstrated to exhibit satisfactory stability while meeting depth requirements.