偏心摇振式板栗采收机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Eccentric Shaking Chestnut Harvesting Machine

摘要:

针对丘陵山区板栗在采收环节存在劳动强度大、传统采收机械适配性差等问题,本文设计了一种基于偏心激振落果原理转移方便、作业高效的摇振式板栗采收机。通过农业物料学手段获取了板栗相关物料参数,测得板栗木抗弯弹性模量为864 MPa,板栗果柄结合力为21.43 N。联合板栗树形参数建立了果树有限元模型。基于板栗树采收动力学对影响板栗果实脱落的主要因素进行计算分析,通过变量控制探求最佳参数范围并利用果枝-果实模型进一步分析,得到理论最佳偏心块转速为900~1 000 r/min。利用综合评分法对不同转速、夹持高度的数据进行分析,得到理论最佳值并通过田间试验进行验证,结果表明最佳参数组合为偏心块转速950 r/min、夹持高度970 mm,此时板栗采净率为96.6%,树体损伤率为4.2%,满足农业机械推广鉴定中干坚果采收机作业标准。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and poor adaptability of traditional harvesting machinery in the harvesting process of chestnuts in hilly and mountainous areas,a shaking type chestnut harvesting machine based on the principle of eccentric excitation and fruit drop was designed,which was easy to transfer and efficient in operation. The parameters of chestnut related materials were obtained through agricultural materials science methods,and the flexural modulus of chestnut wood was measured to be 864 MPa,with a chestnut stem adhesion force of 21.43 N. A finite element model of fruit trees was established by combining chestnut tree parameters. Based on the harvesting dynamics of chestnut trees,the main factors affecting chestnut fruit abscission were calculated and analyzed. The optimal parameter range was explored through variable control,and the theoretical optimal eccentric block rotation speed range was obtained by further analysis using the fruit branch fruit model,which was 900~1 000 r/min. The comprehensive scoring method was used to analyze the data at different speeds and clamping heights to obtain the theoretical optimal value,which was verified through field experiments. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was an eccentric block speed of 950 r/min and a clamping height of 970 mm. At this time,the chestnut harvesting rate was 96.6%,and the tree damage rate was 4.2%,meeting the operating standards for dry nut harvesting machines in agricultural machinery promotion and identification.