全膜双垄沟旋齿式残膜回收机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Rotary-tooth Residual Film Recycling Machine with Whole Film Double Ridges and Furrows

摘要:

甘肃全膜双垄沟播技术收获后大垄垄面和垄沟被板结覆土带覆盖,留茬高使得垄沟玉米根茬、须根与地膜相互交织造成残膜回收不彻底,导致土壤环境污染,影响作物根系生长和水肥运移。传统机型在该工况下存在含杂率高、地膜易缠绕、易壅土、垄沟地膜回收不彻底等问题,本文基于拨禾轮原理设计了一种全膜双垄沟旋齿式残膜回收机,实现残膜连续挑起、定向输送与膜杂分离。结合全膜双垄沟播技术种植农艺和残膜回收工况,确定了整机结构和关键部件参数,运用理论计算和数值分析,对挑膜装置、输膜装置、卷膜装置、膜杂侧输出装置等关键部件进行分析和参数设计,依照Box-Behnken试验设计原理,采用三因素三水平响应面分析方法对机具作业参数进行优化,并进行试验验证。结果表明,最优参数为：机具前进速度为1.5 m/s、挑膜深度为105 mm、挑膜角速度为15 rad/s,此时残膜回收率为93.3%。

Abstract:

After the harvest of full-film double-ridge furrow planting technology in Gansu,the surfaces and furrows of the large ridges are covered with compacted soil layers. The high stubble height leads to the interweaving of corn stubble,fibrous roots and plastic film in the furrows,resulting in incomplete recovery of residual film. This not only causes soil environmental pollution but also affects crop root growth and the transport of water and nutrients. Traditional models under such working conditions have problems,including high impurity content,easy plastic film entanglement,prone to soil accumulation,and incomplete recovery of plastic film in furrows. Based on the principle of the reel,a rotary-tooth residual film recovery machine for full-film double-ridge furrows was designed,realizing continuous lifting,directional transportation and separation of residual film from impurities. Combined with the planting agronomy of the full-film double-ridge furrow planting technology and the residual film recovery working conditions,the overall structure and key component parameters of the machine were determined. Through theoretical calculations and numerical analysis,key components such as the film-picking device,film conveying device,film rolling device,and film-impurity side output device were analyzed and parameterized. According to the Box-Behnken experimental design principle,a three-factor three-level response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the operating parameters of the machine,and the optimization results were verified through experiments. The results showed that the optimal parameters were a machine forward speed of 1.5 m/s,a film-picking depth of 105 mm,and a film-picking rotational speed of 15 rad/s,with a residual film recovery rate of 93.3%.