基于混合构型的ROV外形结构优化设计与阻力研究

Optimization Design and Resistance Research of ROV Shape Structure Based on Hybrid Configuration

摘要:

针对小型遥控水下机器人(ROV)在浅水作业中面临的水动力性能与功能扩展性矛盾,本文提出一种融合流线型主体与开放式框架的混合构型优化设计方案。基于Myring廓线对ROV推进器支撑板进行流线型设计,并重点对推进器支撑板前缘实施圆角化处理,以降低航行阻力。通过6 自由度动力学模型分析运动稳定性,并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真与水池拖曳实验,实验测试ROV 的阻力系数以及附加质量,并系统评估优化前后的阻力特性与流场结构。结果表明,优化设计显著改善了流场,使流动分离区面积减少51. 0% ,湍动能峰值下降62. 7% , 在流速0. 01 m/ s 下,总阻力下降4. 99% 。直航与斜航仿真进一步证实,优化后的ROV 具有更优的水动力系数。本研究为小型ROV的低阻力、高机动性设计提供了有效的理论方法与工程实践参考。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the conflict between hydrodynamic performance and functional scalability in small remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) operating in shallow waters, an optimized hybrid configuration design integrating streamlined main body and open-frame structure was proposed. The propulsion support plate was designed with Myring profiles, with emphasis on chamfering the leading edge to reduce hydrodynamic drag. Motion stability was analyzed through a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) dynamic model, while computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) simulations and towing tests in a water tank were conducted to measure drag coefficients and added mass. Systematic evaluation of drag characteristics and flow field structure before and after optimization was performed. Results demonstrated that the optimized design significantly improved flow field performance, reducing flow separation area by 51. 0% and decreasing peak turbulent kinetic energy by 62. 7% . At speed of 0. 01 m/ s, the overall drag was decreased by 4. 99% . Straight-line and oblique navigation simulations further confirmed the optimized ROV exhibited superior hydrodynamic coefficients. Finally, pool tests were carried out to verifiy its motion stability and maneuverability, which confrimed the reliability of the simulation results. The research result can provide an effective theoretical framework and practical reference for designing small ROVs with low drag and high maneuverability.