盐碱草地主动式切根松土施肥一体机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Active Integrated Machine for Root Cutting, Soil Loosening and Fertilization on Saline-Alkali Grassland

摘要:

针对松嫩平原盐碱化草地退化、土壤板结严重及羊草等优势种群无性分蘖受阻等问题,设计了一种集主动式切根、水平振动松土与施肥于一体的联合作业机。机具核心部件包括基于阿基米德螺线原理设计的防缠绕切根刀盘(动态滑切角τd > 46.4°)和弹簧缓冲式水平振动深松机构,通过滑切运动与高频横向剪切力,实现低扰动断根与 深层板结的原位破碎。采用Box-Behnken试验优化作业参数,结果表明最佳工作参数为:机具前进速度0.991m/s、切根刀盘转速174r/min、振动深松铲马达转速1769r/min。将参数圆整后经田间验证表明,土壤坚实度变化率达40.79% ,实现了横向根系的“零缠绕”切断。多维物性指标与地表扰动量化分析表明,机具对土壤异质性具有极强适应能力;平均土壤扰动截面面积仅22.0cm2,植被破坏率控制在23%左右,土壤含水率作业前后相对降幅仅0.37%。研究可为退化苏打盐碱草地的保护性修复提供理论依据与装备支撑。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of degradation of saline-alkali grasslands in the Songnen Plain, severe soil compaction, and hindered asexual tillering of dominant populations such as Leymus chinensis, an integrated machine for active root cutting, horizontal vibration soil loosening, and fertilization was designed. Its core components included an anti-winding root cutting disc (with a dynamic sliding cutting angle) designed based on the Archimedean spiral principle and a spring-buffered horizontal vibrating subsoiling mechanism. Through sliding cutting motion and high-frequency lateral shear force, these components achieved low-disturbance root cutting and in-situ shattering of the deep hardpan. The Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize the operating parameters, indicating that the optimal parameters were as follows: a forward speed of 0.991m/s, a root cutting disc speed of 174r/min, and a vibrating motor speed of 1769r/min. Field verification with rounded parameters demonstrated that the soil compaction change rate reached 40.79% , successfully achieving “ zero-winding” cutting of lateral roots. Quantitative analysis of multi-dimensional physical indicators and surface disturbance revealed that the machine possessed extremely strong adaptability to soil heterogeneity; the average soil disturbance cross-sectional area was only 22.0cm2, the vegetation damage rate was controlled at approximately 23% , and the relative decrease in soil moisture content before and after the operation was merely 0.37%. The research can provide a theoretical basis and equipment support for the conservation tillage and restoration of degraded soda saline-alkali grasslands.