变量喷淋水田双侧筑埂机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Variable Spraying Paddy Field Double-side Ridger Building Machine

摘要:

为减轻人工筑埂作业劳动强度,提高筑埂机作业效率和质量,解决因土壤含水率不适宜而筑埂无法成形的问题,设计了一种带有变量喷淋系统的水田双侧筑埂机。阐释了变量喷淋系统的硬件构成及控制策略,实现手动与自动两种流量调节方式,可以将土壤含水率精准调控至26%~28%的最适范围。并利用EDEM仿真软件对机具触土部件的旋耕集土过程进行模拟,以前进速度、工作转速、取土深度为试验因素,以集土率和集土均匀性变异系数为评价指标进行正交试验并建立回归模型,优化得到最优工作参数组合,为后期田间试验奠定基础。试验结果表明:在最适筑埂含水率下,筑埂机以最佳工作参数组合:前进速度0.8km/h、工作转速415r/min、取土深度150mm作业,所筑田埂坚实度平均值随间隔时间的增加而增大,坚实度变异系数则逐渐减小,风干24h后趋于稳定。埂顶各测量位置坚实度平均值不小于1538kPa,埂侧各测量位置坚实度平均值不小于2612kPa,均符合农艺要求。这有利于推进高标准农田建设,加快水稻全程机械化进程。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the challenges of high labor intensity, low efficiency, and poor quality in manual ridge construction caused by unsuitable soil moisture content, a bilateral paddy field ridger building machine equipped with a variable spray system was designed. It was elaborated on the hardware composition and control strategy of the variable spray system, which enabled manual and automatic flow adjustment to precisely regulate soil moisture content within the optimal range of 26%~28% . Using EDEM simulation software, the soil-engaging components rotary tillage and soil collection processes were simulated. An orthogonal experiment was conducted with forward speed, working speed, and soil-taking depth as test factors, and soil collection rate and coefficient of variation of soil collection uniformity as evaluation indicators. A regression model was established to optimize the best working parameter combination, laying the foundation for subsequent field experiments. The results showed that under the optimal ridge-building moisture content, the ridger operated at the best parameter combination: forward speed of 0.8km/h, working speed of 415r/min, and soil-taking depth of 150mm. The average firmness of the constructed ridges was increased with time, while the coefficient of variation of firmness was gradually decreased, and stabilized after 24h of air-drying. The average firmness at various measurement points on the ridge top was no less than 1 538 kPa, and on the ridge side, no less than 2612kPa, both meeting agronomic requirements. The research result can contribute to advancing high-standard farmland construction and accelerating the full mechanization of rice cultivation.