冷浸田种床制备起微垄装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Micro-ridge Forming Device for Seedbed Preparation in Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field

摘要:

针对因冷浸田水量多、通气性差的特性,导致冷浸田种床制备时厢面易积水,影响水稻生长的问题,设计了一种用于冷浸田种床制备的起微垄装置,主要由滑推式开沟器和压实平整部件组成,可实现起微垄排水、厢面平整作业及侧深施肥功能。基于滑切原理设计了滑推式开沟器推压破土面,其曲面轮廓线起始滑切角θA为10°、终止滑切角θB为55°;根据作业需求确定了滑推式开沟器长度L0为150mm,压实平整部件仿形调节角度Δλ为7°。通过DEM-MBD耦合仿真试验确定了滑推式开沟器宽度为50mm,压实平整部件仿形弹簧刚度为41.42N/mm。田间 试验结果表明:厢面平整度11.01 mm,微垄沟平均沟深53.25 mm,沟宽48.11mm,沟深稳定性系数89.56% ,沟宽稳定性系数90.64% ,研究可为冷浸田种床制备机具设计提供参考。

Abstract:

Aiming at the prominent problems that cold waterlogged paddy fields are featured by excessive soil water content and poor aeration performance, which easily lead to surface water accumulation during seedbed preparation operations, further affecting seed germination and restricting the healthy growth of rice seedlings in the later period, a micro-ridging component dedicated to seedbed preparation in cold waterlogged paddy fields was independently developed. The developed component was mainly composed of a sliding-pushing furrow opener and a compacting and leveling part, which can synchronously realize three key functions including micro-ridging and drainage, seedbed surface leveling, as well as side deep fertilization, effectively solving the core technical bottleneck of seedbed preparation in cold waterlogged areas. Based on the sliding cutting principle, the pushing and soil-breaking surface of the sliding-pushing furrow opener was rationally designed, and through theoretical analysis and parameter optimization, the initial sliding cutting angle θA and the final sliding cutting angle θB of the curved contour were determined to be 10° and 55°, respectively. According to the actual agronomic operation requirements of cold waterlogged paddy fields, the length L0 of the sliding-pushing furrow opener was set as 150mm, and the profiling adjustment angle Δλ of the compacting and leveling part was set to 7° to ensure operational stability. Through DEM-MBD coupled simulation experiments, the optimal width of the sliding-pushing furrow opener was determined as 50 mm, and the stiffness of the profiling spring for the compacting and leveling part was calculated to be 41.42N/mm. Field experiment results showed that the bed surface evenness reached 11.01 mm, the average depth and width of the micro-ridge ditch were 53. 25 mm and 48.11 mm, respectively, and the stability coefficients of ditch depth and width were 89.56% and 90.64% , which all met the agronomic and operational requirements of mechanized ridging in cold waterlogged paddy fields. The research result can provide important technical support and theoretical reference for the design and optimization of seedbed preparation machinery in cold waterlogged paddy fields.