面向苏打盐碱地的触土部件减粘功能设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Anti-adhesion Function for Soil-contacting Components in Soda-saline Alkali Soils

摘要:

耕作机具触土部件与土壤间的粘附现象会导致机具能耗显著增加,严重制约了农业机械作业的整体质量和效率。因此,开发能够降低触土部件与土壤之间粘附力的技术,是提升农业机械作业效率的重要方向。本研究通过结构设计和电渗技术两方面探讨减少触土部件土壤粘附的有效性和可行性。基于仿生学原理,通过模拟土壤动 物体表特有的形貌结构,设计了一系列具有仿生非光滑表面结构的触土部件——压盘与圆筒,并通过拉拔试验证明了仿生凸包结构能够有效降低触土部件的法向土壤粘附力。同时,引入电渗技术,将电压以及通电时间等关键参数纳入试验方案,系统考察了这些因素对土壤粘附特性的调控效果。试验结果表明,在没施加电渗措施即无电压作用时,土壤与触土部件之间的粘附力显著高于施加电压的情况,且土壤粘附力随着电压和通电时间的增加而减小。此外,在进行电渗试验后,压盘及圆筒的触土表面呈洁净状态,无明显土壤粘附,并有清晰的水膜痕迹。研究结果证实了电渗技术在降低金属触土部件土壤粘附力方面的有效性。

Abstract:

The phenomenon of adhesion between the soil-contacting components of tillage implements and the soil leads to a significant increase in energy consumption, severely restricting the overall quality and efficiency of agricultural machinery operations. Therefore, developing technologies that reduce the adhesive force between soil-contacting components and soil is an important research direction for improving the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations. Aiming to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of reducing soil adhesion on soil-contacting components through two approaches: structural design and electro-osmosis technology, based on biomimetic principles, by simulating the unique surface morphologies of toads and pangolins, a series of soil-contacting components with bio-inspired non-smooth surface structures, including press wheels and cylinders, were designed. Tensile tests were conducted to demonstrate that bio-inspired protuberance structures can effectively reduce the normal soil adhesion force on soil-contacting components. Meanwhile, electro-osmos technology was introduced, incorporating key parameters such as voltage value and energization time into the experimental scheme, systematically investigating their regulatory effects on soil adhesion characteristics. The experimental results showed that when no electro-osmosis measures were applied (i. e. , without voltage), the adhesion force between the soil and the soil-contacting components was significantly higher than that when voltage was applied. Moreover, the soil adhesion force was decreased as the voltage value and energization time were increased. Additionally, after conducting the electro-osmosis experiments, the soil-contacting surfaces of the press wheels and cylinders were in a clean state with no significant soil adhesion, and clear water film traces were observed. The research result confirmed the effectiveness of electro-osmosis technology in reducing soil adhesion forces on metal soil-contacting components, providing important theoretical support and technical backing for its potential application in agricultural machinery.