长毛兔繁育舍冬夏热环境CFD模拟与笼结构优化设计

CFD Simulation of Winter and Summer Thermal Environment and Optimization of Cage Structure in Angora Rabbit Breeding Houses

摘要:

长毛兔舍的环境条件直接影响兔只健康、产毛性能及产业效益，合理的热环境控制是保障养殖效益的关键。本文以标准化封闭式长毛兔繁育舍为研究对象，基于CFD数值模拟方法构建冬夏两季兔舍三维模型，分析了温度和风速的空间分布特征。结果表明：冬季兔舍内风速整体偏低，上层区域易形成紊流，下层温度偏高且波动较大;夏季风速显著增强，整体温度呈南低北高分布，存在下层热量滞留现象。结合试验测点数据对模型进行验证，温度仿真结果与实测数据相对误差为3.34%，能复现舍内温度场宏观空间分布;风速整体相对误差为11.97%，主要源于舍内低风速区域对测量精度与数值计算的敏感性。基于模拟结果，对兔笼防咬隔板结构进行优化设计，结果显示改进型隔板能有效改善笼内通风均匀性，降低温度与风速空间波动，提升笼内微环境稳定性。研究结果表明，CFD仿真结合结构优化可为环境调控及兔笼改良提供理论依据和工程指导，具有良好的应用前景。

Abstract:

The environmental conditions of Angora rabbit houses directly affect the health of rabbits, wool production performance, and industrial benefits. Proper thermal environment control is therefore essential for ensuring breeding efficiency. A standardized closed?type Angora rabbit breeding house was selected as the research object, and three?dimensional models of the house in winter and summer were constructed by using CFD numerical simulation. The spatial distributions of temperature and wind speed were analyzed. Results showed that in winter, the overall wind speed inside the house was low, turbulence was likely to occur in the upper layer, while the lower layer exhibited high temperatures with great fluctuations. In summer, wind speed was increased significantly, and the overall temperature presented a south?to?north increasing trend, with noticeable heat accumulation in the lower layer. The model was validated by using experimental measurement data. The relative error between the temperature simulation results and the measured data was 3.34%, which could reproduce the macro spatial distribution of the indoor temperature field. The overall relative error of wind speed was 11.97%, mainly attributed to the sensitivity of low?wind?speed areas inside the house to measurement accuracy and numerical calculation. In the future, the error can be further reduced by optimizing measurement methods and model parameters. Based on the simulation results, the anti?bite partition structure of rabbit cages was optimized. The improved partition effectively enhanced airflow uniformity inside the cages, reduced spatial fluctuations of temperature and wind speed, and improved the stability of the microenvironment. The research result demonstrated that CFD simulation combined with structural optimization can provide theoretical support and engineering guidance for environmental regulation and cage improvement in rabbit houses, with promising application prospects.