基于相变蓄热的多能协同干燥系统用能分布优化与太阳能利用率效果研究

Energy Distribution Optimization and Solar Energy Utilization Effect of Multi‑energy Collaborative Drying System Based on Phase Change Energy Storage

摘要:

为了提高太阳能利用率，进一步降低太阳能?热泵干燥系统用电依赖，设计一种基于相变蓄热的太阳能?热泵温室干燥系统，由烘房、热泵、集热?蓄热和控制模块组成，具备4种智能运行模式（SE、S?HP、HP、HS?HP）。系统利用太阳能集热器收集热量、石蜡相变材料储能，并结合热泵除湿，实现多能互补与自动控制。以海带为研究对象进行干燥试验，对不同天气条件下的干燥过程，通过监测干燥特性与系统性能指标（如SMER、COP、热效率等），评价系统干燥效率、能耗及太阳能利用效果。试验结果表明，全天作业中，多能干燥模式太阳能?热泵(S?HP)、蓄热?热泵(HS?HP)均能显著提高海带水分有效扩散系数(Deff)。白天，太阳能为干燥系统提供29.82%~34.30%的能量，同时，集热器最高温度可达74℃，平均热效率为42.43%~65.99%，且蓄热箱表现出良好的能量储存能力。夜间，相变蓄热系统为海带干燥提供预热能量，占总能量供应的20.17%，蓄热?热泵(HS?HP)模式较热泵(HP)模式干燥时间缩短18.18%，节能28.10%，制热性能系数（COP）提高25.82%。通过相变储能可提高太阳能利用率31.54%~45.67%。综上所述，太阳能?热泵?相变蓄热多能协同干燥技术在提高干燥效率、节能等方面具有显著优势，为大宗低值水产品干燥关键技术与装备研究提供了理论基础和技术支持。

Abstract:

In order to improve solar energy utilization and further reduce the electricity dependence of solar?heat pump drying systems, a solar?heat pump greenhouse drying system was designed based on phase change heat storage, consisting of a drying chamber, heat pump, heat collection?storage, and control modules, featuring four intelligent operating modes (SE, S?HP, HP, HS?HP). The system utilized solar collectors to gather heat and paraffin phase change materials for energy storage, combined with heat pump dehumidification to achieve multi?energy complementarity and automatic control. Drying experiments were conducted using kelp as the test material to evaluate the drying efficiency, energy consumption, and solar energy utilization under different weather conditions by monitoring drying characteristics and system performance indicators such as SMER, COP, and thermal efficiency. The results indicated that during all?day operation, both multi?energy drying modes, solar?heat pump (S?HP) and heat storage?heat pump (HS?HP), can significantly increase the effective moisture diffusion coefficient (Deff) of the kelp. During the daytime, solar energy provided 29.82%~34.30% of the energy for the drying system. At the same time, the maximum temperature of the collector can reach 74℃, with average thermal efficiency ranging from 42.43% to 65.99%, and the heat storage tank demonstrates good energy storage capability. At night, the phase change heat storage system supplies preheating energy for kelp drying, accounting for 20.17% of the total energy supply. Compared with the heat pump (HP) mode, the heat storage?heat pump (HS?HP) mode reduced drying time by 18.18%, saved 28.10% energy, and the coefficient of performance (COP) was increased by 25.82%. Utilizing phase change energy storage can improve solar energy utilization by 31.54%~45.67%. In summary, the solar?heat pump?phase change heat storage multi?energy cooperative drying technology had significant advantages in improving drying efficiency and energy savings, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the study of key technologies and equipment for drying large quantities of low?value aquatic products.