基于鼹鼠爪趾的仿生锤片耐磨性研究

Wear Resistance of Bionic Hammer Mill Blades Based on Mole Claw Toe Structure

摘要:

锤片是饲草揉碎机的关键部件和易损件，锤片磨损钝化不仅影响揉碎机的工作效率使功耗增大，还会降低饲草的加工质量，且锤片的不均匀磨损会影响揉碎机转子平衡及振动，进而影响整机使用寿命。本文以鼹鼠爪趾为仿生原型，设计了一种仿生锤片，旨在不降低物料破碎效果的前提下提高锤片耐磨性。根据鼹鼠爪趾第三趾尖轮廓方程拟合出轮廓曲线，基于几何相似性原理建立鼹鼠爪趾仿生锤片，建立物料破碎BPM模型，基于CFD-DEM耦合方法模拟物料破碎过程揉碎室内气流与物料运动规律的同时，引入Archard磨损模型计算锤片磨损量。仿真结果表明，相同时间内原普通矩形锤片最大磨损量为1.02×10^{-5} mm，鼹鼠爪趾仿生锤片最大磨损量为9.51×10^{-6} mm，相较原型锤片最大磨损量降低6.76%;经鼹鼠爪趾仿生锤片破碎后物料的黏结键破坏个数较矩形锤片增加11.43%。研究结果表明鼹鼠爪趾仿生锤片的耐磨性与破碎能力都得到提升，为锤片式饲草加工机械设计与性能提升提供方法参考。

Abstract:

The hammer is a key component and vulnerable part of the forage crusher. Wear and blunting of the hammer not only reduce the operational efficiency of the crusher, increasing power consumption, but also degrade the processing quality of the forage. Moreover, uneven wear of the hammer can affect the balance and vibration of the crusher rotor, thereby impacting the service life of the entire machine. The mole claw toe was selected as the bionic prototype to design a novel bionic hammer aimed at improving wear resistance without compromising material crushing performance. Based on the contour equation of the third toe tip of the mole claw toe, the contour curve was fitted, and the bionic hammer was designed using the principle of geometric similarity. A bonded particle model (BPM) was established for material crushing, and the CFD-DEM coupling method was employed to simulate the motion patterns of airflow and material in the crushing chamber during the crushing process. Meanwhile, the Archard wear model was introduced to calculate the wear amount of the hammer. The results showed that within the same duration, the maximum wear amount of the original rectangular hammer was 1.02×10^{-5} mm, while that of the mole claw toe bionic hammer was 9.51×10^{-6} mm, representing a 6.76% reduction in maximum wear compared with the prototype hammer. Additionally, the number of bond breakages in the material after crushing by the bionic hammer was increased by 11.43% compared with that of the rectangular hammer. The results demonstrated that the mole claw toe bionic hammer exhibited improvements in both wear resistance and crushing performance. The research result can provide a methodological reference for the design and performance enhancement of hammer-type forage processing machinery.