生姜联合收获机自适应柔性夹持输送装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Self‑adaptive Flexible Clamp Conveying Device for Ginger Harvester

摘要:

针对现有生姜联合收获机夹持输送装置作业成功率低、姜块损伤率高，以及植株在归集切割处易拥堵等问题，本文设计了一种可变间隙双层自适应柔性夹持输送装置。以安丘地区有机生姜为研究对象，通过物理特性试验测定了茎秆力学参数，并基于Burgers黏弹性模型构建了茎秆流变模型，拟合了不同载荷和茎秆部位的蠕变曲线，明晰了夹持力、输送损失与姜块损伤间的内在关系。运用Design?Expert软件对关键作业参数（浮动弹簧撑弹性系数、输送装置倾斜角、链条速度）进行试验设计与数据分析，通过响应曲面法揭示了各因素及其交互作用对输送成功率和损伤率的影响规律。结合生姜种植农艺，对装置关键部件进行了参数优化。田间验证试验结果表明：当浮动弹簧撑弹性系数为9.08 N/mm、倾斜角为29.95°、链条速度为200.5 mm/s时，装置输送成功率和姜块损伤率分别为94.80%和4.9%，与回归模型预测结果高度吻合，显著提升了夹持输送的可靠性与作业质量，为生姜联合收获机关键部件设计与优化提供了理论依据和实践参考。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the issues of low operational success rate, high ginger tuber damage rate, and frequent clogging at the gathering and cutting points in the clamping conveying devices of existing ginger combine harvesters, an adaptive flexible clamping conveying device was designed. Using Anqiu organic ginger as the research subject, the mechanical parameters of the ginger stems were firstly determined through physical property tests. A stem rheological model was constructed based on the Burgers viscoelastic model, and creep curves under different loads and at different stem locations were fitted, clarifying the intrinsic relationships among clamping force, conveyance loss, and ginger tuber damage. Design?Expert software was employed for experimental design and data analysis of key operational parameters (elastic coefficient of the floating spring support, inclination angle of the conveying device, chain speed). The response surface methodology was used to reveal the influence patterns of various factors and their interactions on harvesting success rate and damage rate. Combined with ginger cultivation agronomy, the key components of the device were structurally optimized. Field validation test results showed that when the elastic coefficient of the floating spring support was 9.08 N/mm, the inclination angle was 29.95°, and the chain speed was 200.5 mm/s, the device achieved a harvesting success rate of 94.80% and a ginger tuber damage rate of 4.9%. The optimized parameter combination was highly consistent with the regression model predictions, significantly improving the reliability and operational quality of the clamping and conveying process. The research result can provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the design and optimization of key components in ginger combine harvesters.