双通道蔗种智能筛选机劣种剔除机构精准控制系统设计

Design of Precise Control System for Defective Seed Removal Mechanism of Dual Channel Sugarcane Seed Intelligent Screening Machine

摘要:

针对甘蔗智能备种生产线双通道智能筛选蔗种的需求，设计一种工业级精准甘蔗筛选控制系统，采用并行架构同步实现双通道蔗种的实时视觉质量检测与剔除控制。每通道通过实时检测输送带速度形成反馈，利用PID算法控制步进电机实现闭环调速，保障输送带速度稳定;利用双NE555芯片构建延时电路，确保剔除动作与劣种位置精确同步。系统以16路RS-485晶体管脉冲驱动器作为16路延时电路的信号驱动，高效衔接蔗种智能质量检测系统、16路延时电路与剔除执行机构，通过配置16路RS-485晶体管脉冲驱动器站号即可独立寻址，具备良好模块化、可扩展性与工程适用性。试验结果表明，双通道系统在不同速度下均具备较高的识别与筛选精度，且运行效率随速度提高而增强，验证了其良好的稳定性和实用性;在单通道系统性能试验中，当输送带速度为0.20 m/s、蔗种间隔为10 cm、劣种占比为40%的条件下，系统筛选准确率达到98%，筛选用时30 s，折合单通道筛选效率约为6 000段/h，效率提高100.5%;通过多因素正交试验表明，平均筛选准确率模型极显著，传送带速度和蔗种间隔对平均筛选准确率均具有极显著影响，劣种占比表现为显著影响。经试验参数优化，当输送带速度0.20 m/s、蔗种间距11.69 cm、劣种占比24.60%时，筛选准确率可达98.89%，能满足实际生产的要求。

Abstract:

In response to the demand for dual-channel intelligent screening of sugarcane seeds in the intelligent sugarcane seed preparation production line, an industrial-grade precise sugarcane screening control system was designed. It adopted a parallel architecture to simultaneously achieve real-time visual quality inspection and rejection control of dual-channel sugarcane seeds. Each channel formed feedback by real-time detection of the conveyor belt speed, and the PID algorithm was used to control the stepping motor to achieve closed-loop speed regulation, ensuring the stability of the conveyor belt speed. A delay circuit was constructed by using dual NE555 chips to ensure that the rejection action was precisely synchronized with the position of the inferior species. The system used a 16-channel RS-485 transistor pulse driver as signal driver for 16-channel delay circuit, efficiently connecting the intelligent quality inspection system for sugarcane seeds, the 16-channel delay circuit and rejection actuator. By configuring the station number of 16-channel RS-485 transistor pulse driver, independent addressing can be achieved, featuring good modularization, scalability and engineering applicability. The test results showed that the dual-channel system had high recognition and screening accuracy at different speeds, and its operating efficiency was increased with the increase of speed, verifying its good stability and practicability. In the performance test of the single-channel system, when the conveyor belt speed was 0.20 m/s, the interval between sugarcane seeds was 10 cm, and the proportion of inferior species was 40%, the system screening accuracy rate reached 98%, and filtering took 30 s, which was equivalent to a single-channel screening efficiency of approximately 6,000 segments per hour, with an efficiency increase of 100.5%. The multi-factor orthogonal experiments showed that the average screening accuracy model was extremely significant. Both the conveyor belt speed and the sugarcane seed interval had extremely significant effects on the average screening accuracy, and the proportion of inferior seeds showed a significant influence. After optimizing the experimental parameters, when the conveyor belt speed was 0.20 m/s, the spacing between sugarcane seeds was 11.69 cm, and the proportion of inferior seeds was 24.60%, the screening accuracy rate can reach 98.89%, which can meet the requirements of actual production.