适配条带耕整地单体的动力清秸装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Power Straw Clearance Device for Strip Tillage Unit

摘要:

针对在玉米秸秆地表覆盖条件下被动秸秆清理条带耕整地机清秸率低、防堵性能差等问题，本文设计了一种具有仿形功能的主动秸秆清理条带耕整地单体，并对其核心部件动力清秸装置进行了设计。通过理论分析与随机区组试验，确定了影响动力清秸装置性能的结构与工作参数。以刃口初始滑切角、螺距、刀辊转速为试验因素，清秸率和功耗为评价指标，采用二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验与离散元仿真相结合方法进行参数组合优化，结果表明，各因素对评价指标均具有显著性影响，当刃口初始滑切角为45°~55°、螺距为185~220 mm、刀辊转速为370 r/min时，清秸率大于88%、当量功耗小于750 W。根据参数组合优化结果完成样机试制，并进行了田间验证试验，结果表明，当螺距为190、200、210 mm、刃口初始滑切角为50°、刀辊转速为370 r/min时，清秸率不小于85.2%、当量功耗不大于750 W，田间验证试验与仿真优化结果相对误差在允许范围内。研究结果为主动式条带耕整地机设计与优化提供了参考。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low straw clearance rate and poor anti-clogging performance of passive straw cleaning strip tillage machines under corn straw surface mulching conditions, an active straw cleaning strip tillage unit with contour-following functionality was designed and its core component was developed—-the power-driven straw clearance device. Through theoretical analysis and randomized block experiments, the structural and operational parameters affecting the performance of the power-driven straw clearance device were determined. Using the initial cutting angle of the blade, pitch, and cutter roll speed as experimental factors, and straw clearance rate and power consumption as evaluation metrics, a parameter combination optimization was conducted by integrating quadratic regression orthogonal rotation central composite experiments with discrete element simulations. The results indicated that all factors significantly influenced the evaluation metrics. When the initial cutting angle of the blade was 45°~55°, the pitch was 190 mm, 200 mm, 210 mm, and the cutter roll speed was 370 r/min, the straw clearance rate exceeded 88% while the power consumption was below 750 W. Based on the parameter combination optimization results, a prototype was manufactured and field validation tests were conducted. The findings showed that with a pitch of 185~220 mm, an initial cutting angle of 50°, and a cutter roll speed of 370 r/min, the straw clearance rate was no less than 85.2% and the power consumption did not exceed 750 W. The relative error between field validation tests and simulation optimization results remained within the acceptable range. These findings can provide a reference for the design and optimization of active strip tillage machines.