基于CFD的农产品干燥箱送风系统结构与运行参数协同优化

CFD-based Collaborative Optimization of Air Supply System Structure and Parameters for Agricultural Product Drying Chambers

摘要:

针对农产品干燥过程中温度场均匀性差及能耗高的问题，本文基于计算流体力学方法，优化农产品干燥箱送风系统结构与运行参数。通过建立干燥箱三维模型，对比不同送风方案发现侧送侧回方式形成“C”字形温度分布，使速度不均匀系数降低21.0%，温度不均匀系数降低38.3%。正交试验表明，送风温度主导温度均匀性，260°C工况下温度不均匀系数较60°C工况降低26.6%；送风速度调控能量效率，10m/s中速工况能量利用系数最高。送风参数组合260°C 10m/s实现了能效与均匀性的平衡。试验验证表明仿真与实测温度平均相对偏差为4.57%。进一步研究实载负载工况流场特性表明，烘盘架虽增大流动阻力，但高强度湍流能有效破坏温度分层，有利于均匀性提升。研究提出了以侧送侧回送风与260°C 10m/s参数组合为核心的优化方案，为高性能、低能耗农产品干燥装备设计提供了依据与数据支撑。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the issues of poor temperature uniformity and high energy consumption during agricultural product drying, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to optimize both the structure and operational parameters of the air supply system in a drying chamber. A threedimensional model of the drying chamber was established, and comparative analysis of different air supply schemes revealed that the side supply and side return method generated a “C” shaped temperature distribution, reducing the velocity non-uniformity coefficient by 21.0% and the temperature nonuniformity coefficient by 38.3%. Orthogonal experiments demonstrated that the air supply temperature predominantly governed temperature uniformity, with the temperature non-uniformity coefficient decreased by 26.6% under the 260°C condition compared with that under the 60°C condition. The air supply velocity regulated energy efficiency, with the 10m/s medium-speed condition achieving the highest energy utilization coefficient. The parameter combination of 260°C and 10m/s achieved an optimal balance between energy efficiency and temperature uniformity. Experimental validation showed an average relative deviation of 4.57% between simulated and measured temperatures. Further investigation of flow field characteristics under actual load conditions indicated that although the tray rack increased flow resistance, intense turbulence effectively disrupted temperature stratification and improved uniformity. The research proposed an optimized solution centered on the side supply and side return method combined with 260°C and 10m/s parameters, providing important theoretical basis and data support for the design of high-performance, low-energy consumption drying equipment for agricultural products.