甘薯裸苗往复直插式膜上移栽装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Reciprocating Direct-insertion On-film Transplanting Device for Sweet Potato Bare-root Seedlings

摘要:

针对甘薯移栽机膜上移栽难以满足 "小膜口、多埋节" 农艺要求的问题，基于薯苗船底形移栽农艺要求，提出按压扦插新思路，设计了一种往复直插式薯苗膜上移栽装置。阐述了装置整体结构和工作原理，确定了结构参数，构建了移栽运动数学模型，并以装置的移栽轨迹为研究对象，驱动速比、苗插安装角、苗插长度为因素，理论膜口面积、理论垄内苗长为指标开展轨迹仿真试验，单因素试验确定了各因素的影响规律及最优参数范围，其中驱动速比为 1.92~2.40 (°)/mm、苗插安装角为 80°~100°、苗插长度为 180~220mm。在栽深 80mm、最优参数范围内开展三因素三水平台架正交试验，得到最优参数组合为：驱动速比 2.24 (°)/mm、苗插安装角 90°、苗插长度 204mm, 对应膜口面积 1580mm2、垄内苗长 234mm。田间验证结果显示，栽深 80mm、最优参数组合下的实际膜口面积 1680mm2、垄内苗长 221mm, 与台架试验相对误差为 6.1%、5.8%, 均在可接受范围内，实现设计目标。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that on-film transplanting of sweet potato transplanters failed to meet the agronomic requirements of "small film opening and more buried nodes",based on the agronomic requirements of hull-shaped transplanting for sweet potato seedlings, an idea of pressing and cutting was proposed, and a reciprocating direct-insertion on-film transplanting device for sweet potato seedlings was designed. The overall structure and working principle of the device were elaborated, the structural parameters were determined, and a mathematical model of transplanting motion was established. Taking the transplanting trajectory of the device as research object, with driving speed ratio, installation angle of seedling inserting rod and length of seedling inserting rod as factors, and theoretical film opening area and theoretical length of sweet potato seedlings in ridge as indicators, trajectory simulation tests were carried out. The single-factor experiment determined the influence laws and optimal parameter ranges of each factor, with the driving speed ratio being 1.92~2.40(°)/mm, the seedling insertion mounting angle of 80°~100°, and the seedling insertion length of 180~220 mm. A three-factor three-level bench orthogonal test was conducted under the conditions of transplanting depth of 80 mm and within the optimal parameter ranges, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained: driving speed ratio was 2.24(°)/mm, installation angle of seedling inserting rod was 90°, and length of seedling inserting rod was 204 mm, corresponding to a film opening area of 1580 mm2 and a length of sweet potato seedlings in ridge of 234 mm. Field verification results showed that under the conditions of transplanting depth of 80 mm and the optimal parameter combination, the actual film opening area was 1680 mm2 and the length of sweet potato seedlings in ridge was 221 mm, with relative errors of 6.1% and 5.8% compared with the bench test, respectively. Both errors were within an acceptable range, and the design objectives were achieved.