大豆育种种绳铺设机导种-开沟系统设计与试验

Design and Test of Soybean Breeding Seed Rope Laying Machine Guide-seed - Ditching System

摘要:

针对大豆育种中传统播种技术效率低、种绳易松脱断裂及开沟阻力大等问题，本文设计了一种集成阻尼控制与指数型导曲线的导种 - 开沟系统。通过力学分析与离散元仿真，揭示了导绳装置阻尼力矩动态调节机制，提出了基于指数函数的滑尖导曲线优化方法，完成了离心增力式负相关摩擦阻尼器及种绳开沟器等核心部件设计。基于三因素五水平正交旋转组合试验，以导绳管外径、入土角、播深为试验因素，结合 EDEM 仿真平台解析工作阻力与土壤扰动的交互规律。结果表明：导绳管外径对各性能指标影响极显著 (P<0.01), 最优参数组合为：导绳管外径 30mm、入土角 32°、播深 45mm, 此时工作阻力降低至 360.1N, 土壤扰动系数控制在 23.4%。田间试验验证表明，优化后装置工作阻力小于 369N, 种沟土壤扰动系数小于 29%。增设阻尼装置的种绳铺设机种绳松脱长度均小于 26mm 且无种绳断裂现象，满足大豆育种高精度播种需求。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the low efficiency of conventional sowing techniques in soybean breeding, as well as frequent seed-rope loosening/breakage and excessive furrow -opening resistance, a seed guide - ditching system integrating damping control with an exponential guide curve was developed. Through mechanical analysis combined with discrete element method (DEM) simulations, the dynamic regulation mechanism of the damping torque in the seed-rope guiding device was elucidated, and an exponential-function based optimization method for the nose guide curve was proposed. A centrifugal force-amplified, negatively correlated friction damper and a seed-rope furrow opener were designed as the core components. A three-factor, five-level orthogonal rotational combination experiment was conducted with guiding-tube outer diameter, entry angle, and seeding depth as the experimental factors, while EDEM simulations were used to clarify the interactive effects of these factors on draft force and soil disturbance. The results showed that the guiding-tube outer diameter had a highly significant effect on all performance indices (P<0.01). The optimal parameter combination was a 30 mm outer diameter of the guide tube, 32°entry angle, and 45 mm seeding depth, under which the draft force was reduced to 360.1 N and the soil disturbance coefficient was controlled at 23.4%. Field validation confirmed that the optimized device operated with a draft force below 369 N and produced furrows with a soil disturbance coefficient below 29%. With the damping device installed, the seed-rope loosening length remained below 26 mm and no seed-rope breakage occured, meeting the high-precision sowing requirements of soybean breeding.