基于行星齿轮驱动的增扰促充式玉米高速精密排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Planetary Gear Driven Disturbance Assisted High Speed Precision Seed-metering Device for Maize

摘要:

针对机械式玉米精密排种器在高速作业条件下漏播、卡种等问题，提出一种基于行星齿轮驱动的增扰促充式玉米精密排种器。该装置采用 NGW 行星轮系传动，在行星轴上布置扰种环，对充种区内种群施加反向差速扰动以强化充种过程。通过对充种过程进行理论建模与动力学分析，确定了影响充种效果的主要因素及关键部件的结构参数。基于 Box-Behnken 试验设计，以扰动长度、扰种棒数量和工作速度为试验因素，以合格率、重播率和漏播率为评价指标，开展三因素三水平响应面试验，并进行充种性能对比验证。试验结果表明，当扰动长度为 30mm、扰种棒数量为 3 个、工作速度为 12km/h 时，合格率为 92.61%, 重播率为 3.95%, 漏播率为 3.46%。田间验证结果表明，在上述最优数组合下，合格率为 91.42%, 重播率为 4.35%, 漏播率为 4.23%, 满足机械式玉米精密播种的作业要求。研究结果可为高速机械式玉米精密排种器的结构设计与参数优化提供参考。

Abstract:

Mechanical maize precision seed meters operating at high forward speeds are prone to seed leakage and blockage. To address these problems, a planetary gear driven disturbance-assisted precision seed metering device was developed. The device adopted an NGW-type planetary gear train, and an agitator ring mounted on the planetary shafts imposed reverse differential disturbance on the seed population in the filling zone to enhance the seed-filling process. By establishing a theoretical model and performing dynamic analysis of the seed-filling process, the main influencing factors and structural parameters of the key components affecting filling performance were determined. Based on the Box - Behnken design, a three-factor, three-level response surface experiment was conducted, with agitation length, number of disturbing rods and forward speed as experimental factors, and qualified rate, multiple rate and leakage rate as evaluation indices. Comparative tests on seed-filling performance were also carried out. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was agitation length of 30 mm, three disturbing rods and forward speed of 12 km/h, under which the qualified rate, multiple rate and leakage rate were 92.61%, 3.95% and 3.46%, respectively. Field validation under the same parameter combination yielded qualified rate of 91.42%, multiple rate of 4. 35% and leakage rate of 4.23%, satisfying the operational requirements for mechanical precision maize seeding. The findings provided theoretical and technical support for the structural design and parameter optimization of highspeed mechanical maize precision seed metering devices.