亲本种子精选机导向束种装置优化设计与试验

Design and Test of Seed Guiding Constraint Device for Parent Seed Selection Machine

摘要:

针对亲本种子精选机种子流均匀性差导致的识别率和剔除率低的问题，提出了对种子进行路径引导和约种成束的技术思路，设计了一种新型导向束种装置。合理规划了待检种子的运移轨迹，对种子进行了受力和动力学分析，进而确保落种点位与速度方向稳定。完成了引导弧面和波浪形滑槽的结构参数设计，明确了影响落种均匀性的关键参数和取值范围。通过单因素和多因素仿真试验确定了导向束种装置的最优结构参数组合。结果表明，当引导弧面半径为 26mm, 平均入种轨迹偏移量为 23.75mm, 平均脱离速度角为 15.64° 时，具有良好的导向效果;当凹槽宽度为 3.0mm、凹槽深度为 1.5mm、凹槽半径为 2.0mm 时，落种均匀性达到最优，落种量均匀性和落种轨迹稳定性变异系数分别为 4.83% 和 14.33%。在此基础上，开展了性能验证与对比试验。结果表明，增设有导向束种装置的亲本种子精选机落种量均匀性变异系数为 4.97%、带出比为 0.19, 较传统装置分别减少了 8.07 个百分点和 0.07; 识别率为 97.81%、剔除率为 95.25%, 较传统装置分别增加了 4.13、4.49 个百分点，采用导向束种装置可显著提高亲本种子精选机的作业性能。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the problem of low recognition and rejection rates caused by poor seed flow uniformity in parent seed selection machines, a technical approach of guiding seed paths and constraint seeds was proposed and a type of seed guiding constraint device was designed. The transport trajectory of the seeds to be inspected was rationally planned and the force and dynamic analysis of the seeds was conducted to ensure the stability of the seed drop point and velocity direction. The structural parameters of the guiding are surface and the wavy chute were designed, and the key parameters and their value ranges that affected the uniformity of seed drop were clarified. The optimal combination of structural parameters for the seed guiding constraint device was determined through single-factor and multi-factor tests. The results showed that when the radius of the guiding are surface was 26 mm, the average seed trajectory offset was 23. 75 mm and the average detachment velocity angle was 15.64°, which had a good guiding effect. When the groove width was 3. 0 mm, the groove depth was 1. 5 mm and the groove radius was 2. 0 mm, the uniformity of seed drop reached the optimum, and the coefficients of variation for the uniformity of the seed amount and the stability of the seed drop trajectory were 4. 83% and 14.33%, respectively. Based on this, performance verification and comparison tests were carried out. The results showed that the parent seed selection machine with the seed guiding constraint device had the coefficients of variation for the uniformity of the seed amount of 4. 97% and the carry-out ratio of 0. 19, which were reduced by 8. 07 percentage points and 0. 07, respectively, compared with the traditional device. The recognition rate was 97.81% and the rejection rate was 95.25%, which were increased by 4. 13 and 4. 49 percentage points, respectively, compared with the traditional device. The use of the seed guiding constraint device can significantly improve the operation performance of the parent seed selection machine. This research can provide technical support for the design and application of parent seed selection machines.