甘薯裸苗移栽机自动开合分体式夹苗装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Automatic Opening-closing Split-type Seedling Clamping Device for Sweet Potato Bare Seedling Transplanter

摘要:

针对现有指夹式甘薯移栽机送苗环节人工放苗效率低、损伤率高的问题，本文基于 2ZQX-1 钳夹式甘薯裸苗移栽机，设计一种可自动开合的分体式夹苗装置。在阐述总体结构及工作原理基础上，通过理论分析优化橡胶夹参数以降低秧苗损伤，结合运动学分析建立橡胶夹运动方程，确定机构参数并设计弧板最优廓线。单因素试验得到输送速度取值范围为 30~70mm/s, 运用 Box-Behnken 中心组合设计方法进行台架试验，以苗夹位移、橡胶夹倾斜夹角、输送速度为试验因素，夹持合格率为评价指标，利用响应面分析交互因素对试验指标的影响规律，确定影响因素的最佳取值，结果表明：当苗夹位移 12.6mm、倾斜夹角 16.9°、输送速度 49.5mm/s 时，夹持合格率达 95.3%, 送苗效果最优;再以不同放苗方式 (分体式 / 一体式) 为分类因素、输送速度为数据因素，开展全因素田间试验，结果表明分体苗装置可适配 44.0mm/s 的输送速度，夹持合格率达 97.0%, 损伤率为 3.9%, 较一体苗装置总体工作效率提高 31%。该装置作业速度快、稳定性高，为甘薯机械化移栽高效作业提供了技术方案。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low efficieney and high damage rate of manual seedling placement in the seedling feeding link of the existing finger-clamped sweet potato transplanter, a split-type seedling clamping device that can automatically open and close was designed based on the 2ZQX -1 clamp-type bare-root sweet potato transplanter. On the basis of expounding the overall structure and working principle, the rubber clip parameters were optimized through theoretical analysis to reduce seedling damage. The motion equation of the rubber elip was established via kinematic analysis, and the mechanism parameters were determined along with the optimal contour line of the are-shaped plate. The single-factor test results indicated that the conveying speed range was 30 ~ 70 mm/s. Taking seedling clip displacement, rubber clip inclination angle and conveying speed as influencing factors, and clamping qualification rate as the evaluation index, bench tests were conducted by using the Box - Behnken central composite design method. Variance analysis was performed on the test results, and response surface analysis was applied to explore the influence rules of interactive factors on the test index, thereby determining the optimal values of the factors. The results showed that when the seedling clip displacement was 12.6 mm, the inclination angle was 16. 9°, and the conveying speed was 49.5 mm/s, the clamping qualification rate reached 95.3%, achieving the optimal seedling feeding effect. Subsequently, full factor field experiments were carried out with different seedling feeding modes ( split-type/integratedtype) as the categorical factor and conveying speed as the numerical factor. The results demonstrated that the split-type seedling clamping device could adapt to a conveying speed of 44.0 mm/s, with the clamping qualification rate remaining at 97.0% and the damage rate at 3.9%, increasing the overall operating efficiency by 31% compared with the integrated seedling clip. This device featured high operating speed and stability, which can provide a technical solution for the efficient operation of mechanized sweet potato transplanting.