水稻工厂化育秧回转拨齿式起盘装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Rotary Poking-tooth Type Seedling Tray Lifting Device for Factory-style Rice Seedling Raising

摘要:

针对水稻育秧炼苗环节起盘作业主要依赖人工完成，劳动强度大、生产效率低等问题，设计了一种水稻工厂化育秧回转拨齿式起盘装置，主要包括回转拨齿式起盘机构、提升输送机构和行走机构，机具前进过程中，回转拨齿式起盘机构连续拨起秧盘沿拨齿辊向后运动，经提升输送机构运送至后方。通过对起盘作业过程进行动力学分析，确定了拨齿数量、拨齿长度、提升输送机构角等参数，明确了影响起盘效果的关键因素及主要参数范围。以装置拨齿回转速度、拨齿夹角和速比为试验因素，以起盘成功率、秧盘损伤率为评价指标，运用 Box-Behnken 试验设计方法，利用槽试验台架开展三因素三正交试验，通 Desgn-Expert 对试验结果进行方差分析和响应曲面分析，揭示了试验因素及交互作用对起盘装置作业性能的影响规律，对构建的线性回归模型进行多目标求解优化。结果表明，当拨齿回转速度为 45.12r/min, 拨齿夹角为 88.28°, 速比为 1.49 时，起盘效果最佳。以优化后的参数进行验证试验，结果表明，平均起盘成功率为 93.33%, 平均秧盘损伤率为 1.67%, 满足水稻育秧炼苗环节起盘作业需求。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems that the seedling tray lifting operation during the hardening stage of rice seedling raising mainly relies on manual work, which leads to high labor intensity and low production efficiency, a rotary poking-tooth type seedling tray lifting device for factory-style rice seedling raising was designed. The device mainly consisted of a rotary poking-tooth type seedling tray lifting mechanism, a lifting and conveying mechanism, and a traveling mechanism. During the forward movement of the machine, the rotary poking-tooth type seedling tray lifting mechanism continuously poked up the seedling trays, which moved backward along the poking-tooth roller and were then transported to the rear by the lifting and conveying mechanism. Through dynamic analysis of the seedling tray lifting operation process, parameters such as the number of poking-teeth, the length of poking-teeth, and the inclination angle of the lifting and conveying mechanism were determined, and the key factors affecting the seedling tray lifting effect and the range of main parameters were clarified. Taking the poking-tooth rotary speed, poking-tooth included angle and speed ratio of the device as test factors, and the seedling tray lifting success rate and seedling tray damage rate as evaluation indicators, the Box - Behnken experimental design method was adopted, and three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiments were carried out by using the soil trough test bench. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface analysis were performed on the test results by Design-Expert software to reveal the influence rules of test factors and their interactions on the operating performance of the seedling tray lifting device, and multi-objective solution and optimization were carried out on the constructed linear regression model. The results showed that the optimal seedling tray lifting effect was achieved when the poking-tooth rotary speed was 45. 12 r/min, the poking-tooth included angle was 88. 28°, and the speed ratio was 1. 49. Verification tests were carried out with the optimized parameters. The results indicated that the average seedling tray lifting success rate was 93. 33% and the average seedling tray damage rate was 1.67%, which met the requirements of seedling tray lifting operation during the hardening stage of rice seedling raising.