刺参饵料搅拌投放一体机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Integrated Machine for Stirring and Delivery Sea Cucumber Bait

摘要:

针对刺参养殖过程人工投饵劳动强度大、饵料混合均匀性差及投放精度低等问题，本文设计了一种搅拌投放一体式刺参投饵机，集成饵料搅拌、投放及行进功能。在搅拌装置优化方面，采用45°下推式四斜叶搅拌桨与半圆管扰流板搅拌槽组合结构，通过流场分析探究海泥颗粒含量的分布均匀性。试验结果表明，当搅拌桨转速为100 r/min时，海泥颗粒含量为51.25%，与标准值相差1.25个百分点，饵料均匀性优于人工搅拌（海泥颗粒含量约为40%）。在投放装置优化方面，基于水动力学计算，对比分析了锥形扩散喷嘴、突变锥形扩散喷嘴、锥形无扩散喷嘴及锥形圆柱扩散喷嘴性能，并通过正交试验确定锥形扩散喷嘴为最优结构;优化后喷嘴饵料覆盖面积比例为90%，平均投饵射程达4.38 m，投饵速度稳定在0.3 kg/s。在投饵距离4 m的条件下，饵料海泥颗粒含量为48.52%，与标准值相差1.48个百分点，满足饵料搅拌均匀与投饵性能的养殖需求。根据搅拌装置和投饵装置需求设计了行进装置以保证该投饵机在养殖区内正常使用。该刺参投饵机可有效替代人工投饵，降低劳动强度，提高饵料混合均匀性和投放效率，为养殖作业机械化和未来智能化升级奠定了基础。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity of manual feeding, poor uniformity of feed mixing and low feeding accuracy in the process of sea cucumber breeding, an integrated sea cucumber feeding machine for stirring and feeding was designed, which integrated the functions of feed stirring, delivery, and moving. In terms of the optimization of the stirring device, a combined structure of a 45°downward-pushing four-inclined blade stirring paddle and a semi-circular tube deflector plate stirring tank was adopted. The uniformity of the distribution of sea mud particle content was explored through flow field analysis. The test results showed that when the stirring paddle speed was 100 r/min, the sea mud particle content was 51.25%, which was 1.25 percentage points lower than the standard value. The uniformity of the feed was superior to that of manual stirring (the content of sea mud particles was approximately 40%). In terms of the optimization of the placement device, based on hydrodynamic calculations, the performances of conical diffuser nozzles, abrupt conical diffuser nozzles, conical non-diffuser nozzles and conical cylindrical diffuser nozzles were compared and analyzed, and the conical diffuser nozzle was determined to be the optimal structure through orthogonal experiments. The proportion of the optimized nozzle bait coverage area was 90%, the average feeding range reached 4.38 m, and the feeding speed was stable at 0.3 kg/s. Under the condition of a feeding distance of 4 m, the content of sea mud particles in the feed was 48.52%, which was 1.48 percentage points lower than the standard value, meeting the aquaculture requirements for uniform feed mixing and feeding performance. According to the requirements of the stirring device and the feeding device, a traveling device was designed to ensure the normal use of the feeding machine in the breeding area. This sea cucumber feeding machine can effectively replace manual feeding, reduce labor intensity, improve the uniformity of feed mixing and feeding efficiency, which can lay a foundation for the mechanization of aquaculture operations and future intelligent upgrades.