摇振式红枣采收装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Universal Shaking Jujube Dropping Device

摘要:

针对丘陵山区红枣采收效率低、作业难度大等问题，设计一种由偏心圆盘带动钢丝绳曳引摇振树体落果的摇振式红枣采收装置。以动力学分析为基础，建立红枣果-柄"的双摆模型，结合测量数据，得出系统固有频率为9.96 Hz，振动脱落红枣与枣柄所需平均加速度为283.81 m/s2;通过Hypermesh软件建立红枣树柔性化模型，联合ADAMS软件对红枣摇振采收过程进行了刚柔耦合仿真试验，以摇振频率、振幅和摇振时间为试验因素，采收率为评价指标，开展正交试验。试验结果表明，最优参数组合为摇振频率9.835 Hz、振幅50.602 mm、摇振时间5.387 s，此时红枣果实采收率为98.2%。以临县红枣为作业对象，在最优参数组合下进行田间试验，田间试验结果表明，红枣果实平均采收率为97.5%。研究结果为红枣等小型林果采收机械研制提供设计参考。

Abstract:

In response to the problems of low harvesting efficiency and high risk coefficient of local jujube in hilly and mountainous areas, a shaking-type jujube harvesting device was designed, which used an eccentric disk to drive a steel wire rope for traction and shaking the tree body to make the fruits fall smoothly. Based on detailed kinetic analysis, a double-pendulum model of jujube fruit-stalk" was established. Combining with actual measurement data, the natural frequency of the system was obtained as 9.96 Hz, and the average acceleration required for vibrating and detaching jujubes from their stalks was 283.81 m/s2. A flexible model of the jujube tree was established through Hypermesh software. By integrating ADAMS software, a comprehensive rigid-flexible coupling simulation test of the jujube shaking and harvesting process was carried out. Taking the shaking frequency, amplitude and shaking time as influencing factors and the harvesting rate as the evaluation index, an orthogonal test was carried out. The test results showed that the optimal parameter combination was a shaking frequency of 9.835 Hz, an amplitude of 50.602 mm and a shaking time of 5.387s. Under these parameters combination. The field test results showed that the average harvesting rate of jujube fruits was 97. 5%, which provided a valuable design reference for the development of harvesting machinery for small-sized fruits such as jujubes in similar regions.