水田回转式单侧修筑埂机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Single-sided Embankment Construction Machine for Paddy Fields with Rotating Mechanism

摘要:

为提高水田修筑埂机机械筑埂效率，降低作业时筑埂劳动强度，解决现有传统水田单侧修筑埂机在水田拐角处无法连续机械修筑田埂的问题，本文设计一种基于多连杆回转调节机构的水田回转式单侧修筑埂机。阐述了其关键组成部件横向偏移机构与回转调节机构的结构设计及工作原理。构建了横向偏移机构与回转调节机构运动学模型，通过运动学分析确定横向摆臂Ⅰ、横向摆臂Ⅱ和回转摆臂长度分别为1 260、672、284 mm，并确定各步进电动缸安装位置。以运动学分析为基础，设计了多连杆回转调节控制系统。进行了水田回转式单侧筑埂机回转调节性能试验及田间性能试验。回转调节性能试验结果表明，横向摆臂Ⅰ、横向摆臂Ⅱ及回转摆臂随时间变化的回转角度与相对应的理论值之间均方误差分别为0.45、0.49、0.86(°)2。在整个回转周期内，所有摆臂随时间变化的回转角度与相对应的理论值之间的均方误差为0.64(°)2，表明该机具在整体回转作业过程表现出较高的稳定性。田间性能试验结果表明，直线部分所筑田埂各测量位置坚实度平均值均不小于1 085 kPa，直线度平均值均不大于10.4 mm，拐角处所筑田埂各测量位置坚实度平均值均不小于1 027 kPa，直线度平均值均不大于9.39 mm，均满足水田筑埂农艺要求。

Abstract:

Aiming to enhance the efficiency of mechanical dike construction in paddy fields and reduce labor intensity during operations, a suspended single-side dike construction machine was designed for paddy fields based on a multi-link rotary adjustment mechanism. This machine addressed the inability of traditional single-side dike construction machines to achieve continuous mechanical dike construction at paddy field corners. The study elaborated on the structural design and working principles of key components: the lateral offset mechanism and rotary adjustment mechanism. A kinematic model of the lateral offset mechanism and rotary adjustment mechanism was constructed. Through kinematic analysis, lengths of lateral swing arm Ⅰ, lateral swing arm Ⅱ, and rotary swing arm were determined as 1 260 mm, 672 mm, and 284 mm, respectively, and installation positions of each stepper electric cylinder were identified. Based on kinematic analysis, a multi-link rotary adjustment control system was designed. Performance tests were conducted on the rotary adjustment and field performance of the suspended single-side dike construction machine. Results of the rotary adjustment performance test showed mean square errors between rotational angles of lateral swing arm Ⅰ, lateral swing arm Ⅱ, and rotary swing arm over time and their corresponding theoretical values as 0.45(°)2, 0.49(°)2, and 0.86(°)2, respectively. The mean square error value between rotational angles of all swing arms over time and their corresponding theoretical values throughout entire rotary cycle was 0.64(°)2, indicating high stability during overall rotary operation of the machine. The field performance test results showed that the average soil compaction at each measurement point of the embankments constructed along the straight sections was no less than 1 085 kPa, and the average straightness was no more than 10.4 mm. At the corner sections, the average soil compaction at each measurement point of the embankments was no less than 1 027 kPa, and the average straightness was no more than 9.39 mm. All results met the agronomic requirements for embankment construction in paddy fields.