抑制环流层效应锤片式核桃壳粉碎机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Hammer Type Walnut Shell Crusher with Suppression of Circulation Layer Effect

摘要:

针对现有粉碎装置无法应对核桃壳体的硬度和形状，导致粉碎效果不佳和出筛效率低的问题，本文结合壳体物料特性和粉碎方式方法，设计一种抑制环流层效应的锤片式核桃壳粉碎机。该设备可完成粉碎、筛分和收集作业为一体的工序步骤。锤片式刀体作为粉碎核桃壳的关键部件之一，基于曲线方程理论设计了击打端面的三维结构，并设计弧形齿板辅助部件配合完成粉碎工序。采用气固耦合方法分析核桃壳在新型锤片与弧形齿板作用下的运动与粉碎过程，并通过静力学仿真验证关键部件结构强度。进一步以初始锤击角、锤筛间隙和导向角为试验因素，通过Box-Behnken试验法建立生产率和吨料电耗的回归模型，并开展参数优化试验获得最优组合为：初始锤击角43.89°、锤筛间隙13.87mm、导向角117.95°，此时生产率为98.12kg/h，吨料电耗为3.27kW·h/t，比传统粉碎的效率提升24.55%，生产率提高15.69%，吨料电耗降低11.52%，不仅满足核桃壳高效粉碎的作业需求，同时为坚果类核壳粉碎提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract:

The existing crushing devices cannot cope with the hardness and shape of walnut shell, resulting in poor crushing effect and low screening efficiency. Combined with the shell material characteristics and crushing methods, a hammer type walnut shell crusher was designed to suppress the circulation layer effect. The equipment can complete the crushing, screening and collection operations as one of the working procedures. As one of the key components of crushing walnut shell, the threedimensional structure of hitting end face was designed based on the curve equation theory, and the arc tooth plate auxiliary parts were designed to complete the crushing process. The gas-solid coupling method was used to analyze the motion and crushing process of walnut shell under the action of new hammer and arc-shaped tooth plate, and the structural strength of key components was verified by static simulation. The initial hammering angle, hammerscreen clearance and steering angle were further used as test factors, the regression model of productivity and power consumption per ton of material was established by the Box-Behnken test method, and parameter optimization were carried out to obtain the optimal combination as follows. When the initial hammering angle was 43.89°, the hammer-screen clearance was 13.87mm, and the guiding angle was 117.95°, the productivity was 98.12kg/h, and the power consumption per ton of material was 3.27kW·h/t, which was 24.55% higher than the traditional crushing efficiency, 15.69% higher than the traditional productivity, and 11.52% lower than the power consumption per ton of material. It not only met the operation requirements of efficient walnut shell crushing, but also provided theoretical basis and technical support for nut core shell crushing.