间作水培生菜与樱桃萝卜产量和品质生物调控研究

Intercropping Hydroponic Lettuce with Cherry Radish for Bioregulation of Yield and Quality

摘要:

水培对保障粮食安全与促进农业可持续发展具有积极意义，但依赖人工光温调控实现水培作物优质高产，会增加能耗，且多因子交互作用带来生物调控结果的不确定性。本研究在非严格控制环境下，对比了营养液膜、深液流及雾培3种水培方式下单作与生菜/萝卜（数量比2∶1）间作的栽培效果。结果表明，间作较单作显著提高生菜干物质产量和氮利用效率（最高分别达19.18%和21.54%），同时显著降低了生菜和萝卜亚硝酸盐含量（最高分别达31.21%和33.36%），并显著提高了维生素C与可溶性蛋白含量；不同水培方式，营养液膜间作种间竞争最强；间作还引起生菜全氮含量下降，萝卜全氮、钼和钙（Ca）含量上升，其中，Ca含量最大提高率为31.94%。这些变化可能通过影响碳氮代谢平衡了作物产量和品质。研究结果为水培蔬菜间作系统优化提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

Hydroponics contributes to food security and sustainable agriculture. However, achieving high crop quality and yield through artificial light and temperature control increases energy consumption, while multi-factor interactions introduce regulatory uncertainties. Three hydroponic systems, nutrient film technique (NFT), deep-water culture, and aeroponics were evaluated under sole cropping and lettuce/radish intercropping (a quantity ratio of 2∶1) in a non-strictly controlled environment. Results demonstrated that intercropping significantly enhanced lettuce dry matter yield (up to 19.18%) and nitrogen use efficiency (up to 21.54%), while reducing nitrite content in both lettuce (up to 31.32%) and radish (up to 33.36%). Vitamin C and soluble protein contents were also notably increased. Among different intercropping hydroponic systems, the NFT exhibited the strongest interspecific competition (LEC=0.22). Additionally, intercropping led to a decrease in the total nitrogen (TN) content of lettuce and an increase in the TN, molybdenum (Mo), and calcium (Ca) contents of radish, with the highest improvement in Ca content reaching 31.94%. These changes may have balanced crop yield and quality by influencing carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The findings can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing intercropping in hydroponic vegetable cultivation.