耕层残膜回收机破碎装置优化设计与试验

Optimization Design and Experiment of Crushing Device for Residual Film Recycling Machine

摘要:

为了解决耕层残膜回收机作业回收效果差，膜-茬-土复合体过大导致破碎装置关键零部件分离不彻底等问题，本文设计了耕层残膜回收机破碎装置。提土挡板和破碎辊可一次性破碎膜-茬-土复合体，达到耕层残膜回收机农艺和农机技术要求。通过动力学分析，确定提土挡板抛摔破碎时瞬时速度为35.5m/s和抛摔破碎时用时0.75s。为了优化破碎装置结构参数，利用弓背蚁上颚齿进行仿生破碎辊设计，结合离散元软件Rocky对破碎辊上置辊转速、下置辊转速、上下置辊中心高度差进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验，得出最优参数组合为上置辊转速425r/min、下置辊转速395r/min、上下置辊中心高度差50mm。台架试验结果表明，耕层残膜回收机物料破碎率为96.6%，含土率仅为6%，与仿真试验值误差小于2%。田间试验结果表明，回收率为95.6%，破碎率为94.4%，验证了仿真理论结果，机具通过性显著提高。研究结果为耕层残膜回收机研发和改进提供了依据。

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems such as poor recovery effect of the tillage layer residual film recovery machine and incomplete separation of key components of the crushing device due to the excessive film-stubble soil complex, a crushing device for the tillage layer residual film recovery machine was designed. The soil-lifting baffle and the crushing roller form a one-time crushing film-stubble-soil complex, meeting the technical requirements of agronomy and agricultural machinery for the tillage layer residual film recovery machine. Through dynamic analysis, it was determined that the instantaneous velocity of the earth-lifting baffle during the throwing and crushing process was 35.5m/s and the time taken during the throwing and crushing process was 0.75s. In order to optimize the structural parameters of the crushing device, the upper jaw teeth of the arch-back ant were used to design the crushing roller. Combined with the discrete element software Rocky, a three-factor three-level quadratic regression orthogonal test was conducted on the rotational speed of the upper and lower rollers of the crushing roller and the height difference between the centers of the upper and lower rollers. The optimal parameter combination was obtained as follows: the rotational speed of the upper roller was 425r/min, that of the lower roller was 395r/min, and the height difference between the centers of the upper and lower rollers was 50mm. The bench test showed that the material crushing rate of the plough layer residual film recovery machine was 96.6%, and the soil content was only 6%. Compared with the simulation test, the error was less than 2%. Field experiments showed that the recovery rate was 95.6% and the crushing rate was 94.4%. The simulation theoretical results were verified, and the passability of the equipment was significantly improved. The research results can provide a basis for the development and improvement of the plough layer residual film recovery machine.