基于离散元法的残膜伸缩齿式滚筒捡拾装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Residual Film Telescopic Tooth Roller Pick-up Device Based on Discrete Element Method

摘要:

针对当前残膜回收机存在表层拾净率低、脱膜困难等问题，本文对现有的一款残膜捡拾打包机捡拾装置进行改进，设计了凸轮控制伸缩齿式滚筒捡拾装置。阐述了伸缩齿式滚筒捡拾装置整体结构和工作原理，通过对残膜捡拾过程进行受力分析，确定了伸缩齿弯曲角、转速以及排列，分析了凸轮盘轮廓曲线方程，并通过反转法得到实际凸轮轮廓曲线。采用离散元法建立膜土秆多相离散元模型，以滚筒转速、前进速度和作业深度为试验因素，以残膜表层拾净率为试验指标，进行二次回归正交旋转组合试验，分析了各试验因素对残膜表层拾净率的影响规律，确定了捡拾装置最优参数组合为滚筒转速57r/min、前进速度7km/h、作业深度47mm，此时残膜表层拾净率达90.8%。对比田间验证试验结果表明，残膜表层拾净率为87.78%，相对误差为3.33%，且改进后设备表层拾净率提升16.02个百分点，满足作业标准要求。研究结果可为残膜回收机设计提供理论依据，对农田“白色污染”治理具有应用价值。

Abstract:

Aiming to address the current issues of low surface film collection efficiency and difficult film removal in residual film recovery machines, an improvement to the collection mechanism of an existing residual film pick-up and baling machine was proposed. A cam-controlled telescopic-tooth drum collection device was designed. The overall structure and operating principle of the telescopic-tooth roller pick-up device were elucidated. Through force analysis of the residual film collection process, the bending angle, rotational speed, and arrangement of the telescopic teeth were determined. The profile curve equation of the cam disc was analyzed, and the actual cam profile curve was obtained via the inversion method. A multi-phase discrete element model of film-soil-straw interaction was established. Using roller rotational speed, forward speed, and working depth as experimental factors, and residual film surface collection rate as the evaluation metric, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination test was conducted. The influence patterns of each factor on the residual film surface collection rate were analyzed, determining the optimal parameter combination for the collection device: roller rotational speed of 57r/min, forward speed of 7km/h, and working depth of 47mm, achieving a residual film surface collection rate of 90.8%. Field validation tests yielded a surface collection rate of 87.78%, with a relative error of 3.33%. The improved equipment demonstrated a 16.02 percentage points increase in surface collection rate, meeting operational standards. These research findings can provide theoretical foundations for residual film recovery machine design and hold practical value for addressing‘white pollution’in agricultural fields.