立式夹持式甘蓝联合收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Vertical Clamping Combine Harvester for Cabbage

摘要:

针对我国甘蓝机械化收获水平低、适应性差、缺少专用收获装备等问题，在测定江浙一带主栽甘蓝品种“青玉”物理参数并结合当地种植模式与机械化收获要求设计配套种植模式的基础上，本文设计了一款基于“立式夹持+柔性输送”形式的双行甘蓝收获机。该机主要由拔取装置、夹持输送装置、切根装置、横向输送装置、收集装置等关键部件组成，采用挠性喂入与柔性夹持协同作业的减损方法，通过张紧机构和柔性夹持机构显著降低机采损伤，有效适应不同球径甘蓝收获，可一次性完成双行甘蓝切根、起拔、夹持输送、装箱收集等作业。为提升作业性能，对各关键装置进行了理论分析与计算并开展田间试验，同时，采用多因素响应面分析法（RSM）进行甘蓝收获机作业参数优化试验，研究了机具行走速度、拔取辊转速、柔性夹持输送带转速和双圆盘割刀转速对采收合格率的影响，结果表明，当行走速度1.0km/h、拔取辊转速110r/min、输送带转速180r/min和割刀转速300r/min时工作效果最优，此时收获机各关键部件工作稳定，收获效果好，采收合格率达93.83%。研究结果为甘蓝生产机械化栽培模式设计提供了数据支撑和理论支持。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low mechanization level, poor adaptability, and lack of dedicated harvesting equipment for cabbage harvesting in China, a two rows cabbage harvester based on the “vertical clamping and flexible conveying” principle was developed. This was achieved by first measuring the physical parameters of the main local cabbage variety “Qingyu” in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang region and designing a compatible planting pattern based on local cultivation practices and mechanized harvesting requirements. The machine primarily consisted of key components, including a pulling device, a clamping and conveying device, a root-cutting device, a transverse conveying device, and a collecting device. It employed a damage-reduction method featuring the coordinated operation of flexible feeding and flexible clamping. Through the tensioning mechanism and the flexible clamping mechanism, mechanical damage during harvesting was significantly reduced, effectively adapting to the harvesting of cabbage heads with different diameters. It can complete the operations of root cutting, lifting, clamping and conveying, and box collection for two rows of cabbage in a single pass. To enhance operational performance, theoretical analysis and calculations were conducted for each key device, followed by field trials. Furthermore, a multi-factor response surface methodology (RSM) optimization experiment was employed to study the effects of machine travel speed, pulling roller speed, flexible clamping conveyor belt speed, and dual-disc cutter speed on the qualified harvesting rate. The optimization results indicated that the best working performance was achieved at a travel speed of 1.0km/h, a pulling roller speed of 110r/min, a conveyor belt speed of 180r/min, and a cutter speed of 300r/min. Under these conditions, the key components operated stably, harvesting effectiveness was high, and the qualified harvesting rate reached 93.83%. The research result can provide both empirical data and theoretical foundations for the design of mechanized cultivation systems in cabbage production, while also offering valuable experience that can be referenced for the mechanized production of other vegetable crops.