基于Meta的作物产量与土壤对生物炭和腐殖酸响应研究

Crop Yields and Soil Responses to Biochar and Humic Acid Based on Meta-analysis

摘要:

采用Meta分析整合了2019—2024年国内外已发表有关生物炭和腐殖酸施加的102篇文献，从施用种类（X1）、施加量（X2）及施用年限（X3）3方面分析其对作物产量及0~20cm土层土壤理化生指标的影响。结果表明，施加生物炭和腐殖酸极显著提高了作物产量、土壤pH值、孔隙度、全氮含量、有机质含量及碱解氮含量（P<0.01），显著降低了土壤容重、电导率、有效磷含量及脲酶活性。由BRT模型可知，各因子贡献度X2>X3>X1；其中：施加量大于40t/hm2和施用年限大于4年时增产效果最显著，产量增幅分别为20.43%和18.4%。施加量0~20t/hm2显著提高了有效磷、碱解氮含量、脲酶活性及过氧化氢酶活性，增幅分别为28.29%、10.01%、12.37%和2.69%；施加量20~40t/hm2提高pH值（3.77%）和硝态氮含量（47.85%）；而施加量大于40t/hm2显著降低容重（8.66%），增加孔隙度（15.75%）、全氮含量（20.31%）和有机质含量（40.51%）。施用年限0~2年显著降低电导率（17.92%）和铵态氮含量（2.70%），但提升土壤有机质含量（33.60%）、有效磷含量（26.07%）、硝态氮含量（6.88%）和过氧化氢酶活性（4.51%）；施用年限2~4年增大土壤pH值（16.80%）、孔隙度（4.92%）和脲酶活性（17.43%）；施用年限大于4年显著提高碱解氮含量（22.89%）和全氮含量（22.49%）（P<0.05）。本研究通过量化分析明确了生物炭和腐殖酸的最佳施用策略，为优化生物炭和腐殖酸农业应用提供了理论依据，为农田土壤改良提供了实践指导。

Abstract:

This Meta-analysis integrated 102 published domestic and international studies on biochar and humic acid application from 2019 to 2024. It examined their effects on crop yield and physicochemical-biological indicators of the 0~20cm soil layer across three dimensions: application type (X1), application rate (X2), and application duration (X3). Results indicated that biochar and humic acid application significantly increased crop yield, soil pH value, porosity, total nitrogen content, organic matter content, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content （P<0.01), while significantly reducing bulk density, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus content, and urease activity. The BRT model revealed the contribution order of factors as X2>X3>X1. The most pronounced yield increase occurred at application rates exceeding 40t/hm2 and application durations exceeding 4 years, with respective yield increases of 20.43% and 18.4%. Application rates of 0~20t/hm2 significantly increased available phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, urease content, and catalase activity by 28.29%, 10.01%, 12.37%, and 2.69%, respectively. Application rates of 20~40t/hm2 increased pH value (3.77%) and nitrate nitrogen content (47.85%);application rates exceeding 40t/hm2 significantly reduced bulk density (8.66%), while increasing porosity (15.75%), total nitrogen content (20.31%), and organic matter content (40.51%). Application duration of 0~2 years significantly reduced electrical conductivity (17.92%) and ammonium nitrogen (2.70%), but increased soil organic matter content (33.60%), available phosphorus content (26.07%), nitrate nitrogen content (6.88%), and catalase activity (4.51%);Application duration of 2~4 years increased soil pH value (16.80%), porosity (4.92%), and urease activity (17.43%);Application periods exceeding 4 years significantly increased alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content (22.89%) and total nitrogen content (22.49%) （P<0.05). The research quantitatively identified optimal application strategies for biochar and humic acid, providing theoretical foundations for optimizing their agricultural applications and practical guidance for farmland soil improvement.